Histology Review: GI TRACT ONLY Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
general structure for GI histology layers
A
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- adventitia serosa
2
Q
layers of mucosa
A
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
3
Q
plexus in the submucosa
A
meissner’s
4
Q
plexus in between the longitudinal muscle and the circular muscle
A
myenteric/ Auerbach’s
5
Q
4 functions of GI tract in general
A
Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
6
Q
functions of the mucosal layer
A
secretion
absorption
protection
7
Q
function of submucosa
A
provide blood and lymph, nerves and occasional glands
8
Q
Muscularis externa functions
A
inner-decreases lumen diameter
longitudinal-propels contents shortening the tube
*rhythmic contraction produces peristalsis
9
Q
what forms the sphincters throughout the Gi tract
A
inner circular muscle
10
Q
epithelium in the esophagus
A
NON keratinizing SS
*like vagina
11
Q
mucous glands in esophagus lamina propria
A
cardiac
12
Q
esophagus GALT located in
A
Mucosa
13
Q
esophagus submucosa contains
A
tubuloalveolar glands
secrete mucous into ducts
14
Q
upper 1/3 of esophaugus
A
vagal-ACH controlled skelatal muscle
Voluntary?
15
Q
lower 2/3 of esophagus
A
Vagal? ACH? SMooth muscle?
involuntary
16
Q
stomach makes
A
chyme
17
Q
GERD caused by
A
dysfunctional LES
18
Q
four regions of the stomach
A
- cardia
- fundus
- body-orad-oxyntic
- antrum-pyrlorus-caudad
19
Q
functional features of stomach lining
A
- rugae that dissappear with distention
- gastirc pits
- gastric glands
20
Q
stomach epithelium
A
simple columnar
- with goblet cells
- know Barret’s metaplasia
21
Q
forms the core of rugae
A
submucosa
22
Q
Muscularis externa of the stomach
A
- inner oblique
- middle circular
- outer longitudinal
23
Q
pyloric sphincter located?
A
pyloro-duodenal junction
-made from circular layer
24
Q
“surface mucin cells” secrete
A
alklaline mucin
*protective
25
describe the surface of the stomach
surface mucous cells invaginate into LP to create gastric pits
26
below gastric pits in the LP is
gastric glands
| *continuation of
27
where are regenerative cells for glands found?
in the isthmus between pits and glands
28
cheif cells make
pepsinogen
29
cheif cells located where in gastric pit?
the very bottom (basal basophilia)
30
secretory granules of cheif cells are
acidophillic
31
pareital cells secrete
1. HCL
| 2. Intrinsic factor (V b12 absorption)
32
parietal cells most neumerous....
in upper pat of GLAND
| -below isthmus
33
enteroendocirine cells found at-------and produce------
all levels
| variety or Hormones
34
shape/color of parietal cells
triangles
| -acidophillic (eosinophillic)
35
cell division restricted to
isthmus-stem cells
| *some more up and become surface mucous cells some move down to become glands
36
time frame for surface cell regen
3-5 days
37
time frame for chief cell regen
3 months
38
parietal cells live....
6 months
39
diff b/w mammillated folds and rugae
mamm folds-mucosa only
| *rugae=mucosa and submucosa
40
H pylori trophic for which part of gastric glands
neck right below isthmus-in the stem cells
| -accelerates proliferation of stem cells in neck during gastric carcinoma
41
major sight of absoprtion
jejunum
42
functions of Small intestines
mostly absorption also completion of digestion
43
increase SA x 3
plicae circulares
core of submucosa
-like rugae but permanent
44
Plicae circulares most common in
jejunum
45
3 modifications of small intestine
Plicae circulares
Villi
Microvilli
46
increase SA x 10
VILLI
47
VILLIS ARE FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS OF
MUCOASE
| ALL THEE COMPONENTS
48
IN MAKING VILLI-SURFACE EPITHELIUM HAS INDENTATIONS CALLED
INTESTINAL CRYPTS
| CRYPTS OF LEPRACHAUN
49
pathophys of Celiac disease
gluten sensitivity trigger immune system to damage or destroy villi
-no villi in small intestine
50
no villi in Small intestine
celiac disease
| -gluten intolerant
51
inc. SA x 100
microvilli
52
forms striated brush border
microvilli
53
how do mirovillia function
contain actin-causes them to contract their terminal web-spreads them increasing surface area
54
where are lacteal
in LP of villi in small intestine
55
Small intestines have simple columnar epithelium composed of 6 cell types
1. enterocytes
2. goblet cells
3. Paneth Cells
4. M cells
5. Enteroendocrine
6. intermediate cells
56
primary absorptive cell of the SI
enterocytes
57
secrete H20 and electrolytes
enterocytes
58
tall cells with well devloped brush borders
enterocytes
59
apical portion contains mucinogen granules
goblet cells
60
FOUND IN BASE OF CRYPTS
PANETH CELLS
61
FUNCTION OF PANETH CELLS
SECRETE LYCSOZYMES-DIGESTS BACTERIAL CELL WALLS
| -CAN ALSO KILL PROTOZOA
62
REGULATE BACTERIA MICROFLORA IN INTESTINAL GLANSS
PANETH CELLS
63
APC's overlying lymphatic nodules
M cells
| *eat cells and discharge them into underlying lymph tissue
64
M cells ar unique in that
microfolds and not microvili
65
stem cells in small intestinal glands
intermediate cells
| *can become any type
66
paneth cell life
4 weeks
67
time frame for absoprtive and globet cells
4-6 days
68
GALT is found in what layer
Lamina Propria
| * so closer to lumen than the muscularis mucosa
69
Peyer's patches are characteristic of
Illeum
70
muscularis mucosa in villi
fibers extend into villi and enable movement of villi
71
Brunner's glands in
duodenum
72
glands specific to duodenum in submucosa
brunner's glands
73
Function fo Brunner's glands
secrete alkaline to buffer acid from stomach entering duodenum
74
peyer's patches
illeum
75
bruner's glands
duodenum
76
neither Bruner's or peyers
jejunum
| *will have plicae ciruclares
77
function of large intestines
- absorb water and electrolytes
| - elimination of solid wastes and undigested food
78
longitudinal layer of muscularis external in the large itestines
teniae coli
| -three bands
79
how to now you are in large intestines on histo
```
WELL DEVELOPED GALT
-no plicae circulares
-some infoldings
no villi/microvilli
many straight tubular glands
```
80
epithelum of large intestines
simple columnar
| -same cell types as SI-more goblet cells and LACKS PANETH CELLS
81
are paneth cells present in LARGE intestine
HELL NAW
82
lymph vesssels in LI
non-therefore SLOW METS OF COLON CANCER TO THE LARGE INTESTINES
83
APPENDIX HAS--
- NO TENIA COLI
- MANY LYMPH NODULES
- USUALLY SHIT IN LUMEN
84
surface mucous cell also know as
foveolar cells
85
parietal cells are also called
oxyntic-acid secreting-also make inctrinsic factor for Vitamin B12
86
abundant granular pink cytoplasm and secrete acid
oxcytnic/parietal cells
87
found at the isthmus-and have basal nuclei and abundant mucin in cytoplasmic vacuoles above the nuclei
foveolar/surface mucous cells
88
fundal mucosa normally has what cell types
BOTH oxyntic (pareital) AND chief cells
89
antral mucosa will have what cell type
normally ONLY cheif cells
90
cheif cells make
pepsinogen
91
granular amphophillic bluish cytoplasm in the base of the gland
zymogenic (chief cells)
