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Bio 201 (Anat + Phys) > Histology Vocab > Flashcards

Histology Vocab Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A
  • lines all body surfaces and cavities
  • secretes sweat, saliva, etc.
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3
Q

connective tissue

A

connects all other tissues to one another

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4
Q

muscle tissue

A

capable of generating for while contracting (your muscles bro)

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5
Q

nervous tissue

A

capable of generating, sending, and receiving messages

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6
Q

extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

substances in liquid, thick gel, or solid form that surround cells of tissue

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7
Q

ground substance

A

the most of the ECM

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8
Q

extracellular fluid (ECF)

A
  • aka interstitial fluid
  • the fluid that surrounds cells
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9
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)

A
  • traps water in the ECM
  • helps ECM to resist compression
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10
Q

Proteoglycans

A

binds themselves to GAGS (resembles bottle brush)

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11
Q

cell-adhesion molecules (CAMS)

A

holds everything in place within the ECM

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12
Q

collagen fibers

A
  • make up to 20-25% of ALL proteins in the body
  • resistant to pulling and stretching
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13
Q

elastic fibers

A
  • composed of elastin surrounded by
    glycoproteins
  • can return to normal shape after being
    stretched
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14
Q

reticular fibers

A

forms web-like structures in organs to trap foreign cells

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15
Q

tight junctions

A

holds cells together closely. (is usually water tight.)

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16
Q

desmosomes

A
  • acts like velcro
  • strong hold
  • allows substances to travel from cell to cell
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17
Q

gap junctions

A

allows substances to flow freely through the protein channels

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18
Q

avascular

A
  • lack blood vessels
  • must obtain
    oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from deeper tissues
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19
Q

basement membrane

A

a thin membrane separating an epithelium from underlying tissue

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20
Q

basal lamina

A

ECM synthesized by epithelial cells; consists of collagen fibers and ground substance

(THE TOP LAYER) GLUE

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21
Q

reticular lamina

A

synthesized by underlying connective tissue;
consists of reticular fibers and ground substance

(THE BOTTOM LAYER) GLUE

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22
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A
  • thin layer of skin (one layer)
  • flat cells
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23
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube shaped cells

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24
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of rectangular cells

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25
pseudostratified epithelium
appears layered because cells and tangled, but is really simple columnar
26
keratinized stratified squamous epi.
the cells on the surface are dead and flaking off
27
non-keratinized stratified squamous epi.
cells on the surface are still alive
28
stratified cuboidal epithelium
two cell layers of cube shaped cells
29
stratified columnar epithelium
top layer is columnar and layer under is cuboidal
30
transitional epithelium
arched on outside layer, usually cuboidal
31
paracellular
the transfer of substances across the epithelium by going through the intercellular space
32
transcellular
the transportation of products by a cell through a cell
33
gland
- found in the epithelium - secretes products from designated cells
34
endocrine gland
secrets products, usually hormones directly into the blood
35
exocrine gland
releases products onto the surface of the body
36
unicellular gland/goblet cell
- most common exocrine gland - secretes mucus into resp. and digest. systems
37
merocrine secretion
- most common method - stores and secretes hormones and etc.
38
holocrine secretion
- accumulate product in cytosol - only releases product when the cells dies - pinches off
39
connective tissue proper
- generally used connective tissue - connects tissues and organs
40
specialized connective tissue
has cartilage, bone tissue, and blood
41
fibroblasts
most common resident cell
42
adipocytes
- aka fat cells - in different connective tissues
43
mast cells
- largest resident cell - is a immune system cell, releases histamine to cause inflammation (which activates the immune system)
44
phagocytes
- immune system cells - ingests foreign substances
45
areolar tissue
- aka loose connective tissue - is beneath epithelium of skin
46
dense irregular tissue
- disorganized collagen bundles - has all 3 planes of movement
47
dense regular tissue
organized with parallel collagen bundles - has one plane of movement
48
dense elastic connective tissue
parallel squiggly fibers with scattered collagen
49
reticular tissue
- mostly reticular fibers made by fibroblasts - forms web like nets that trap foreign substances
50
adipose tissue
- aka fat tissue - made of fat storing adipocytes and surrounded by fibroblasts and ECM
51
cartilage
in joints between bones, ears, nose, and segments of respiratory tract
52
chondroblasts
- immature cells - divide by mitosis and make most of ECM
53
chondrocytes
when a chondroblast surrounds itself with EM in the lacunae and matures
54
osseous tissue
- aka bone tissue - supports and protects body
55
osteocytes
osteoblasts that have surrounded themselves with ECM in lacunae and have matured
56
plasma
liquid ECM
57
erythrocyte
red blood cells
58
leukocyte
white blood cell
59
platelet
blood clotting cell
60
excitable tissue
responds to electrical or chemical stimulation (a muscle)
61
myocyte
a muscle cell
62
striated
- myofilaments arranged in alternating light and dark regions; appear striped - skeletal and cardiac muscle
63
voluntary
conscious
64
involuntary
unconscious control
65
intercalated disks
dark line separating individual cardiac muscle cells
66
neuron
- capable of sending and recieving messages
67
neuroglia (glial cells)
- support neuron activities - able to divide by mitosis unlike neurons
68
membrane
thin sheets of one or more tissues
69
serous membrane
-is a true membrane - consists of mesothelium - line pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural body cavities
70
mesothelium
a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
71
synovial membrane
- a true membrane - lines cavities surrounding joints (shoulders+knees)
72
synoviocytes
modified fibroblasts that secrete synovial fluid
73
synovial fluid
a watery, slippery fluid that lubricates joints
74
mucous membrane
in any part of the body that stays wet (mouth, throat, vagina, nose, digestive tract)
75
cutaneous membrane
the skin
76
epidermis
-the outer layer of the skin -keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
77
dermis
- the middle layer of the skin, just under the epidermis

Bio 201 (Anat + Phys) (12 decks)

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