Histopath (Qual Controls, Fresh tissue Examination & Fixatives

Question 1

A method of Fresh tissue examination whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing a solution, carefully dissected and examined under the microscope

Answer 1

teasing or dissociation

Question 2

What is the solution referred in teasing or dissociation method of examining fresh tissue

Answer 2

isotonic salt solution

Question 3

T/F. In Squash Preparation, how many mm in diameter are placed in a microscopic slide

Answer 3

not more than 1 mm

Question 4

What action is allowed to be absorbed by the tissue when vital stain is placed at the junction of the slide and the cover glass

Answer 4

Capillary Action

Question 5

Enumerate the 4 methods of Fresh tissue examination

Answer 5

Teasing or Dissociation
Squash Preparation
Smear Preparation
Frozen Section

Question 6

It is the process of examining sections or sediments, whereby cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide by means of a wire loop or applicator, or by making an apposition smear with another slide

Answer 6

Smear Preparation

Question 7

A methods of fresh tissue examination that is especially useful in cytologic examinaTIONS, particularly cancer diagnosis

Answer 7

Smear preparation

Question 8

What are the types of smear preparation

Answer 8

pull-apart
streaking
spreading
touch preparation or impression smear

Question 9

A type of smear preparation where applicator stick or platinum loop is used, the material is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag line throughout the slide, attempting to obtain a relatively uniform distribution of secretion

Answer 9

streaking

Question 10

T/F. In Spreading type of Smear preparation, too thin or too thick smears have to be avoided, since they make the tissues unsuitable for examination

Answer 10

false. streaking

Question 11

A type of smear prep whereby a selected portion of the material is transferred to a clean slide and gently spread into a moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick

Answer 11

spreading

Question 12

This method is a little more tedious than streaking, but has the advantage of maintaining cellulat interrelationships of the material to be examined

Answer 12

spreading

Question 13

What type of smear preparation where it is recommended for smear preparations of fresh sputum and bronchial aspirates ans also for thick mucoid secretions

Answer 13

spreading

Question 14

it is done by placing a drop of secretions or sediment upon one slide and facing it to another clean slide

Answer 14

pull-apart

Question 15

What type of smear preparation that is uyseful for preparing smears of thick secreations such as serous fluid, concentrated sputum, enzymatic lavage samples from GI tract and blood smears

Answer 15

pull- apart

Question 16

A special method of smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into a contact and pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide; allowing the cells tp be transferred directly to the slide

Answer 16

touch preparation or impression smear

Question 17

Impression smear is examined by ________________ and stained by _____________________

Answer 17

phase contrast microscopy
light microscopy study

Question 18

this method is normally utilized when a rapid diagnosis of the tissue in question uis required.

Answer 18

frozen section

Question 19

What elements are to be demonstrated when frozen sections are recommended

Answer 19

LIPIDS AND NERVOUS ELEMTNS

Question 20

What is the temperature of a cryostat in forzen sections

Answer 20

-10 to -20 degree celsius

Question 21

What is the thickness of a fresh forizen tissue

Answer 21

10 to 15 microns

Question 22

T/F. fresh frozen tissues must always be in a very thin slices that is cut from a microtime with carbon dioxide

Answer 22

true

Question 23

T/F. tissue for freezing should be fresh and freezing can be done slowly to avoid distortion of tissue

Answer 23

false.

tissue for freezing should be fresh and freezing should be done as quickly as possible. slow freezing can cause distortion of tissue d/t ice crystal artifacts

Question 24

enumerate the most commonly used method of freezing

Answer 24

liquid nitrogen
Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
carbon dioxide gas
aerosol sprays

Question 25

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below: generally used in histochemistry and during operative procedures

Answer 25

liquid nitrogen

Question 26

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below: the most rapid of the commonly available freezing agents

Answer 26

liquid nitrogen

Question 27

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below: main disadvantage is that soft tissue is liable to crack d/t rapid expansion of the ice wthin the tissue, producing ice crystals or freeze artifacts

Answer 27

liquid nitrogen

Question 28

T/F. the tissue snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen must therefore be allowed to equilibrate to cryostat chamber temperature before sectioning is attempted

Answer 28

true

Question 29

T/F. the majority of non-fatty unfixed tissues are sectioned well at temp between -10 to -25 degree celsius

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below: causes a vapor phase

Answer 30

liquid nitrogen

Question 31

One problem with the use of liquid nitrogen is it cause vapor phase. To overcome this problem, it needs to freeze the tissue in ___, ___, ____ that has a high thermal conductivity

Answer 31

isopentane OCT frozen 2.2

Question 32

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below: increasingly popular in recent years, and is adequate for freezing small pieces of tissue excapt muscle

Answer 32

AEROSOLS SPRAYS

Question 33

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below: A pyrex of glass beaker is usally suspended in a flask of liquid nitrogen until half-liquid and half-solid stage is reached

Answer 33

isopentane

Question 34

Enumerate in order on how we preserved and processed solid structures and tissues

Answer 34

fixation dehydration clearing infiltration(impregnation) embedding trimming section-cutting staining mounting labeling

Question 35

the first and most criticsl step in histotechnology

Answer 35

fixation

Question 36

a mechanism in fixation whereby chemical of the fixative is taken in and becomes part of the tissue giving stability to the protein

Answer 36

additive

Question 37

a mechanism in fixatives whereby fixing agent is not incorporated into the tissue

Answer 37

non-aaditive fixation

Question 38

a mechanism in fixatives that involves removing of water that bound to H-bonds

Answer 38

non-aaditive fixatives

Question 39

What are the 6 main factors involved in fization?

Answer 39

hydrogen Ion concentration temperature thickness of section osmolality concentration duration of fixation

Question 40

What are the Practical consideration of fixation

Answer 40

speed penetration volume duration of fixation

Question 41

T/F. recommended size of tissue is 2 cm2, and no more than 4 mm thick

Answer 41

true

Question 42

T/F. refrigeration is used to slow down decomposition if the tissue needs to be photographed and cannot be fixed immediately

Answer 42

true

Question 43

What type of fixative accdg. to action that permit the general microscopic study of tissue structures without altering the structural pattern and normal intercellular relationship of the tissue in question

Answer 43

microanatomical fixatives

Question 44

What type of fixative accdg. to action that preserve specific parts and particular microscopic elements of the cell itself

Answer 44

cytological fixatives

Question 45

A fixatives that usually contain glacial acetic acid as their perimary component. They have a pH of 4.6 or less

Answer 45

nuclear fixatives

Question 46

T/F. Cytoplasmic fixatives must have a glacial acetic acid. They have a pH of more than 4.6

Answer 46

false. must not have glacial acetic acid since it can destroy mitochondria and golgi bodies

Question 47

Two aldehyde fixative mixtures have bee particularly useful for electron cytochemistry. What is the best know solution?

Answer 47

Karnovsky's paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solution

Question 48

What is the aldehyde which has been introduced as a mixture with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde

Answer 48

acrolein

Question 49

One of the most widely used fixatives that is made from formaldehyde

Answer 49

10% formalin

Question 50

T/F. high formaldehyde concentrates tend to overharden the outer layer of the tissue and affect staining adversely

Answer 50

true