Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MTAP 2 (FINALS) ROAD TO MANILA HOTEL <333 > HISTOPATHOLOGY > Flashcards

HISTOPATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of general cytology which deals with the microscopic study of cells desquamated
(Study of cell shed) from epithelial surfaces

A

EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 purpose of exfoliative cytology

A

Detect cancerous / malignant conditions

Detect asymptomatic cancer in women
or pre-cancerous cervical lesions

Determination of genetic sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of specimen for cytology

A

Gynecological
NON-gynecological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which is for fluid specimen?

A

NON-gynecological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 preparations for non-gynecological specimen

A

Smears (2slides)

Cell block

Cytospin (Centri @ 1000rpm for 1min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The best method to collect cells from body fluids

A

cell block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 specimens for NON-GYNECOLOGIC

A

RESPIRATORY TRACT SPECIMEN (BAL, SPUTUM, GASTRIC SECRETIONS)

BREAST SECRETION

PERITONEAL-PERICARDIAL-PLUERAL FLUIDS

URINARY TRACT SEDIMENT

BODY CAVITIY EFFUSION (CSF, ASCITIC FLUID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 METHOD IN SMEAR

A

1.Streaking
2. Spreading
3. Pull Apart
4. Touch preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

recommended for thick fluid

A

Pull Apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Also called: Impression Smear

A

TOUCH PREPARATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This may be submitted to cytology to detect or rule out Pneumocystis Jirovecii particularly among AIDS patients

A

BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOST COMMON RESPIRATORY TRACT SPECIMEN

A

SPUTUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sputum must be collected from a _____ and collect at least ______

A

DEEP COUGH

3 CONSECUTIVE MORNINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sample must be evaluate if it’s a real sputum , we can do it microscopically. Cell that would indicate satisfactory collection: We look for ______

A

Alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
- We do fixation ASAP, because the cell will decompose immediately

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FIXATIVE FOR SPUTUM

A

SACCOMANO FLUID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FIXATIVE FOR BRONCHIAL BRUSHING

A

Spray fixative or 95% Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GASTRIC SECRETIONS / ASPIRATES (Gastric Lavage)
-Required prior to collection: patient must do fasting at least ____

A

8 HOURS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GASTRIC SECRETION Immediate transport to the lab is required no delay beyond ____

A

30 MINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is submitted for testing to rule out possible breast cancer, but compared to mammography and ultrasound it has less chance to detect the breast cancer

A

BREAST SECRETION (Nipple discharges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
discharge during and post lactation may be abnormal

A

FALSE (NORMAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
discharge from breast nipple is usually malignant & may be due to lesion like duct ectasia & papilloma

A

FALSE ( benign)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SMEAR PREP FOR BREAST SECRETION

A

PULL APART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FIXATIVE FOR BREAST SECRETION

A

spray fix or 95% IP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When collecting this sample usually clotted

A

PERITONEAL-PLEURAL-PERICARDIAL FLUIDS (Body cavity fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

To prevent jelly clots: we add ____ per _____

A

300 units of HEPARIN

100ml of aspirates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

URINARY TRACT SPECIMENS Sample is submitted to detect what?

A

UROTHELIAL MALIGNANCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3 URINE SPECIMEN

A

Voided urine, catheterized urine,
washing from bladder or renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

____ urine must be DISCARDED due to
overnight degeneration of cells. ____ is preferred

A

FIRST VOIDED URINE

SECOND COLLECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

IF THERE IS A DELAY IN URINE EXAMINATION WE DO ______

A

REFRIGERATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
preservatives should not be added in urine specimens.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

For best result ____ URINE specimen must be collected

A

50mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

BODY CAVITY EFFUSIONS Specimen MUST BE SUBMITTED _____. amount of CSF ATLEAST _____

A

FRESH

1mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

in CELL BLOCK we will not embed the tissue but the _______

A

sediments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

3 METHODS OF CELL BLOCK PREPARATION

A

DIRECT FILTRATION

PLASMA-THROMBIN

CARBOWAX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Centrifugation fluid, add 1 ml of plasma and add thrombin. This will form gel like substance, place it in a filter paper and
add 10% formalin
(Used filter paper do reduce washing out of the cell)
Advantage – reduce washing out, but expensive

A

PLASMA-THROMBIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Centrifugation fluid, add 10% formalin to sediment.
Disadvantage – easily washed out

A

DIRECT FILTRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Following centrifugation of fluid, add carbowax to sediment and place in a paraffin block

Advantage – no dehydration step but expensive

A

CARBOWAX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ROUTINE METHOD OF CELL BLOCK PREPARATION

A

DIRECT FILTRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
1st- Smears should be prepared from old material and must be prepared and FIX while dry.

2nd- We must prevent drying of specimens

A

1st- FALSE (spx. should be prep fresh, and prep while moist.

2nd- TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
There is specimen that contains Increase Proteins, if specimen contains increase proteins NO need to use Adhesives

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

4 specimens requiring adhesives

A

Urinary sediments
Bronchial lavage
Concentrated Sputum
Specimens with trypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

after smear we do fixation, In cytology fixation must be ___mins only

A

10-15mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

4 ADHESIVES FOR CYTOLOGY

A

1.Pooled serum or plasma
2.Celloidin ether alcohol
3.Leuconostoc culture (leuconostoc is a bacteria: Gram positive cocci)
4.APES – 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Most common tissue adhesive

A

MAYER’S EGG ALBUMIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

We DO NOT used mayers egg albumin in cytology because this can be stained intensely by?

A

counter stain used in paps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

THE BEST FIXATIVE FOR CYTOLOGY

A

95% Ethanol with Ether(but ether is hazardous because it is flammable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

COMMONLY USED FIXATIVE FOR CYTOLOGY

A

95% Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

TISSUE FIXATIVE

A

10% buffered neutral formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

CAN ALSO BE USED FIXATIVE FOR CYTOLOGY (2 ANSWERS)

A

1.SPRAY FIXATIVE
2.SACCOMANO PRESERVATIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

May be used but slide must be kept at a distance of 1 foot (12 inches or 30. 5 cm) from the spray

A

SPRAY FIXATIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

This is a combination of 50% alcohol and 20% carbowax

A

SACCOMANO PRESERVATIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

4 OTHER EXAMPLE OF FIXATIVE IN CYTOLOGY

A

50% alcohol is for all types of effusion

50% Peritoneal and Pleural fluids

70% Sputum specimen

95% Urine, Gastric and bronchial aspirates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Best FIXATIVE for bloody specimen

A

Carnoy’s fluid

55
Q

It is the Gold standard
staining for cytology

A

PAPANICOLAU STAIN

56
Q

3 dyes in pap’s smear

A

HARRIS HEMATOXYLIN
OG6
EA 50

57
Q

This is the Nuclear Stain

A

HARRIS HEMATOXYLIN

58
Q

Counter stain. used to stain cytoplasm of superficial cells

A

0G6

59
Q

Counter stain. used to stain cytoplasm of both parabasal and intermediate cell

A

EA 50

60
Q

STAINING RESULT OF Cytoplasm of the superficial

A

GREEN

61
Q

STAINING RESULT OF OG6

A

ORANGE WITH HINT OF GREEN

62
Q

STAINING RESULT OF Cytoplasm of the parabasal intermediate

A

BROWN AND RED

63
Q

STAINING RESULT OF EA 50

A

olive green with a hint of brown and red

64
Q

STANING RESULT OF BACTERIA

A

DARK BLUE

65
Q

STAINING RESULT OF T.VAGINALIS

A

GREENINSH BLUE

66
Q

STANING RESULT OF VESICULAR NUCLEUS

A

BLUE

67
Q

STAINING RESUT OF PYKNOTIC NUCLEUS

A

DARK BLUE TO BLACK CYTOPLASM

68
Q

STAINING RESULT OF MYCELIA

A

VIOLET

69
Q

It is a screening test for cervical cancer

A

PAP’S SMEAR

70
Q

THE ONE WHO PREPARE SMEAR

A

OBGYN

71
Q

TWO METHODS OF PREPARING PAPS SMEAR

A

CONVENTIONAL PAP’S
LIQUID BASED PAP’S

72
Q

IN CONVENTIONAL PAP’S WHAT INSTRUMENT IS USED BY THE OB TO COLLECT THE SPECIMEN

A

AYRE’S SPATULA

73
Q

Directly spread on the slide then send to lab to be process. Crowded cell can be seen microscopically

A

CONVENTIONAL PAP’S

74
Q

use of spatula or brush/broom to collect specimen. Placed in a vial containing preservative. A thin layer of cells is placed on a slide

A

LIQUID BASED PAP’S

75
Q

4 COLLECTION SITES IN LIQUID BASED PAP’S

A

UPPER 3RD OF THE VAGINAL WALL

ENDOCERVIX

ECTOCERVIX

T-ZONE

76
Q

for evaluating of inflammatory conditions

A

Upper 3rd of the vaginal wall

77
Q

SITES FOR THE Detection of endocervical lesions or intrauterine lesions

A

ENDOCERVIX

78
Q

Endocervix is lined up with _______

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

79
Q

The most common site for cancer screening

A

ECTOCERVIX

80
Q

Ectocervix is lined up with ________

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized epithelium

81
Q

This Zone is the usual site for collection of Pap’s Smear

A

T-ZONE

82
Q

junction between the Endo and Ectocervix

A

T-ZONE

83
Q

4 MAIN VAGINAL CELLS

A

SUPERFICIAL
INTERMEDIATE
PARABASAL
BASAL

84
Q

LARGEST AND MATURE 30-60U WITH PYKNOTIC NUCLEI

A

SUPERFICIAL

85
Q

MEDIUM SIZED 20-30 U

A

INTERMEDIATE

86
Q

ROUND AND OVAL 15-30 U

A

PARABASAL

87
Q

SMALLEST 13-20 U

A

BASAL

88
Q

-it is the steroid that influence desquamated (Shedding) of Superficial cells

A

ESTROGEN

89
Q

3 TYPES OF ESTROGEN

A

E1 (ESTRONE)
E2 (ESTADIOL)
E3 (ESTRIOL)

90
Q

The most predominant in Menopause

A

E1 ESTRONE

91
Q

the most predominant in Reproductive years

A

E2 ESTRADIOL

92
Q

the most plentiful but least potent

A

E3 ESTRIOL

93
Q

COLOR OF CYTOPLASM IN SUPERFICIAL CELLS

A

PINK

94
Q

Polyhedral flat cells and cytoplasm may be acidophilic or basophilic

A

SUPERFICIAL

95
Q

Polyhedral cells with basophilic cytoplasm with vacuoles

A

INTERMEDIATE

96
Q

CELLS IN PAP’S THAT HAS THE SMALLEST NUCLEUS

A

INTERMEDIATE CELL

97
Q

2 TYPES OF INTERMEDIATE CELL

A

NAVICULAR IC
PREGANANCY IC

98
Q

boat shaped cells with a tendency to fold or curl on edges

A

Navicular Intermediate Cells

99
Q

Found in the latter half of menstrual cycle, during pregnancy or menopause

A

Navicular Intermediate Cells

100
Q

May be found as a result of abnormal androgen stimulation. May suggest progesterone-estrogen effect

A

Navicular Intermediate Cells

101
Q

With strongly basophilic cytoplasm

A

PARABASAL CELL

102
Q

Found from 2 weeks of age to puberty, after childbirth, abortion and after menopause

A

Parabasal

103
Q

____ is most predominant cell after birthchild

A

Parabasal

104
Q

This vaginal cell normally shed or desquamated

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Parabasal

105
Q

NOT normally shed, they shed traumatically

A

basal

106
Q

Round to slightly oval cells with large nucleus occupying half or more of the cell volume, with strongly basophilic cytoplasm

A

BASAL

107
Q

Found only before pregnancy and following menopause

A

BASAL

108
Q

This is normally seen but only few and if its many the patient has problem because ____ is not normally shed

A

BASAL

109
Q

2 NORMAL CELLULAR COMPONENTS IN PAP’S

A
  1. ENDOMETRIAL CELL
  2. ENDOCERVICA GLANDULAR CELL
110
Q

This can be Found during and 1-4 days after menstruation

A

ENDOMETRIAL CELL

111
Q

This cell is Occurring in groups of 3 or more shed in response to ovarian hormone

A

ENDOMETRIAL CELL

112
Q

If seen in post menopause women it may indicate possible endometrial carcinoma or endometrial hyperplasia

A

ENDOMETRIAL CELL

113
Q

Occurring in large groups or sheets

A

ENDOCERVICA GLANDULAR CELL

114
Q

Forms the characteristic HONEYCOMB APPEARANCE

A

ENDOCERVICA GLANDULAR CELL

115
Q

5 ABNORMAL CELLULAR COMPONENT IN PAP’S

A
  1. CANDIDA ABLICANS (OCCURING YEAST)
  2. T. VAGINALIS
  3. CLUE CELLS
  4. KOILOCYTES
  5. DODERLAIN BACILLUS
116
Q

CANDIDA ABLICANS IS SEEN IN ? 4 ANSWERS

A

1.seen in diabetic patients
2.those taking oral contraceptives
3.patients under prolonged steroid therapy
4. among immunocompromised patients

117
Q

pear shaped parasite. can also be detected in UA

A

T.VAGINALIS

118
Q

Indicate of bacterial vaginosis

A

CLUE CELLS

119
Q

abnormal squamous with atypical nucleus surrounded by non-staining halo. May be indicative of HPV infection

A

KOILOCYTES

120
Q

It is actually normal finding, because this is a normal flora

A

DODERLAIN BACILLUS

121
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Increased number of doderlain bacillus is normal

A

FALSE (NOT NORMAL)

122
Q

DODERLAINE BACILLUS USUALLY INCREASE IN 4 CONDITIONS, THESE ARE:

A
  1. Last trimester of pregnancy
  2. Infection
  3. Estrogen deficiency
  4. Diabetes
    (LIED)
123
Q

Involves evaluation of hormonal status based on the distribution of cells

A

CYTOHORMONAL MATURATION INDEX (CMI)

124
Q

CMI= 0/90/10

A

New born (Predominant is Intermediate)

125
Q

CMI= 0/80/20

A

Menopause (Predominant is Intermediate)

126
Q

CMI= 0/70/30

A

POST OVULATION

127
Q

Old method, obsolete manner of reporting PAP’s

A

CLASS SYSTEM

128
Q

New system of reporting cervical and vaginal cytologic smears

A

BETHESDA SYSTEM

129
Q

WHEN AND WHERE IS BETHESDA SYSTEM DEVELOPED?

A

ON DECEMBER 1988 AT NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE

130
Q

REPORT FORMAT: (satisfactory, limited, unsatisfactory)

A

SPECIMEN ADEQUACY

131
Q

REPORT FORMAT: Negative for Intraepithelial lesion or
malignant cell

Epithelial cell abnormality

Benign cellular changes

A

GENERAL CATEGORIZATION

132
Q

REPORT FORMAT:
-Infection / Radiation effects
-Atypical squamous cells of unknown
significance
-Low Grade Squamousintraepithelial lesions
-High Grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
-Squamous cell carcinoma
-Glandular cell abnormality
-Atypical Glandular cells
-Adenocarcinoma

A

DESCRIPTIVE DIAGNOSIS

133
Q

3 SPECIMEN USED IN HISTOLOGY

A

AUTOPSY
BIOPSY
CYTOLOGY

MTAP 2 (FINALS) ROAD TO MANILA HOTEL <333 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions