histopathology_flashcards

Question 1

Which is the commonest type of pancreatic neoplasm?

Answer 1

Ductal adenocarcinomas

Question 2

Which of the following are causes of chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

The following are complications of gall stones, except?

Answer 3

Haemolytic anaemia

Question 4

20yo med student with abnormal LFT’s. High bilirubin of 32 micromol/L (5-17). GGT, ALT, ALP, AST normal. Never drunk alcohol. No PMH. Cousin had 1 episode of jaundice. What is the next step?

Answer 4

Do nothing

Question 5

Which is the most representative of liver function in an acute situation?

Answer 5

Prothrombin time

Question 6

Which of these is the commonest carcinoma seen in the liver?

Answer 6

Metastatic adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Which of these is not associated with fatty change in the liver?

Answer 7

Hepatitis B

Question 8

Which of these is not associated with genetic haemochromatosis?

Answer 8

Kayser-Fleisher rings

Question 9

Lichen planus is an example of which type of inflammatory reaction pattern?

Answer 9

Lichenoid

Question 10

Where is the epidermis does the bullae in pemphigus vulgaris form?

Answer 10

Stratum spinosum

Question 11

White/slivery plaques on extensor surfaces are seen in which dermatological condition?

Answer 11

Psoriasis

Question 12

The Breslow thickness is used to stage which skin cancer?

Answer 12

Malignant melanoma

Question 13

Which common skin cancer does not metastasise?

Answer 13

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 14

What percentage of lung cancers in the UK develop in non-smokers?

Answer 14

10-20%

Question 15

I’ve been smoking for 30 years. Stopping now is not going to reduce by risk of lung cancer.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What does cytopathology code ‘C5’ denote?

Answer 16

Malignant

Question 17

What benign lesions most commonly mimic breast cancer on radiology?

Answer 17

Fat necrosis and radial scar

Question 18

What is the most common malignant breast tumour?

Answer 18

Ductal carcinoma

Question 19

How many parameters are included in breast tumour grading?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Impaired blood supply to the bowel most commonly causes what?

Answer 20

Ischaemic colitis

Question 21

A patchy inflammatory bowel condition affecting the stomach, small bowel, and colon is most likely to be what?

Answer 21

Crohns disease

Question 22

What sort of colon polyps most commonly predispose to adenocarcinoma of the colon?

Answer 22

Adenoma

Question 23

A 76yo man presents with rectal bleeding. The diagnosis that must be excluded first is what?

Answer 23

Colorectal carcinoma

Question 24

Causes of granulomatous inflammation in the liver include:

Answer 24

TB, Sarcoid, PBC, Drugs, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy

Question 25

The different types of liver damage, due to alcohol, include:

Answer 25

Steatosis, Steatohepatitis, Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, Malignancy

Question 26

What type of amyloid is associated with multiple myeloma?

Answer 26

AL

Question 27

Most oesophageal and gastric cancers arise from pre-existing adenomas. True or false?

Answer 27

False

Question 28

In a patient with coeliac disease on a diet containing gluten, the following is the most likely histological change in the duodenum:

Answer 28

Villous atrophy, increased intra-epithelial lymphocytes

Question 29

Which of the following is not a cause of chronic gastritis?

Answer 29

Metabolic disease

Question 30

What is the most common brain tumour in adults?

Answer 30

Metastatic deposit

Question 31

What is the most common brain tumour in children?

Answer 31

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 32

What does tumour grade tell us?

Answer 32

Survival

Question 33

Which mutation identifies diffuse astrocytic tumours with a better prognosis?

Answer 33

IDH mutation

Question 34

45 year old female. PMH: Pulmonary lobectomy. 2 days of headache and vomiting. Worsening headache. CT: Right frontoparietal SOL with minimal midline shift to the left. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 34

Metastatic carcinoma

Question 35

70 year old male. Seizure following 2 weeks of left arm and leg weakness. MRI showing heterogeneous enhancing right frontal lesion, started on steroids. Partial response to steroids with improved dexterity of the left arm and leg. A tumour was partially resected. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 35

Glioblastoma (WHO grade IV)

Question 36

5 year-old boy. Had headache and vomiting in the morning for 2 weeks. Symptoms worsened and the vision became blurred. Fundoscopic exam: papilledema. MRI showing cystic cerebellar lesion. A tumour was removed. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 36

Pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I)

Question 37

When the integrity of the blood brain barrier is disrupted, the result oedema is described as..?

Answer 37

Vasogenic

Question 38

Which of the following types of herniation does not involve the cerebral cortex?

Answer 38

Tonsillar

Question 39

What percentage of patients who experience a TIA will get a significant infarct within 5 years?

Answer 39

33

Question 40

What is the most common cause of non-traumatic intraparenchymal haemorrhages?

Answer 40

Hypertension

Question 41

Which of the following is not a prion disease?

Answer 41

Huntington’s

Question 42

Tau immunostaining in the peristriate but not the striate cortex is consistent with which Braak grading?

Answer 42

IV

Question 43

Excluding Parkinson’s disease, which other disorder (often presenting with Parkinsonism) is associated with alpha-synuclein pathology?

Answer 43

Multiple system atrophy

Question 44

Which if the following proteins is not associated with frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 44

APP

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for ischaemic heart disease?

Answer 45

High alcohol consumption

Question 46

The major cause of ischaemic heart disease is:

Answer 46

Reduced blood flow due to atherosclerosis

Question 47

A common cause of aneurysms is:

Answer 47

Hypertension

Question 48

What is the most common cause of thyroid cancer?

Answer 48

Papillary

Question 49

What type of thyroid carcinoma arises from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid?

Answer 49

Medullary

Question 50

What syndrome is caused by an adrenal adenoma that secreted aldosterone?

Answer 50

Conn’s

Question 51

What cancers are screening for in the UK?

Answer 51

Breast, bowel, cervical

Question 52

Which part of the female genital tract is the commonest site to receive metastatic tumours?

Answer 52

Ovaries