Historians Flashcards
(25 cards)
what does article 2 in the 1978 constitution refer to
the unity of spain, the solidarity among its peoples and the right to regional authonomy - ethnic and cultural plurality of spain
balfour and quiroga
balfour and quiroga on the constitution
is in the shadow of the dictatorship and represents what and who spaniards dared to be at that time
example of priaranza del bierzo
in león, 2000
exhumed 13 bodies
by end of august 2003 el pais documented the excavation of 26 mass graves
blakely
how does the un define mass graves
a burial site containing 3 or more victims of execution
what does ‘prison universe’ mean
by graham
refers to prisons, labour camps, reformatories and other institutions that served a disciplinary function
how many people ‘disappeared’ in the civil war
30,000
was a dirty war
graham
Executions in spain compared to soviet union
spain: 1936-1945 150,000 executed (base estimate)
in soviet union 1934-53 786,000 executed
per million habitants per year, stalin executed 251 people while franco executed 641 people
graham
prisons in spain compared to germany
spain 1940 - 270,000 in administrative detention
at its highest point franco regime imprisoning 1,158 per 100,000 inhabitants
germany 1936 had prison population of 161.4/100,000 inhabitants.
graham
in what ways were women specifically treated in prisons
menstruation and menopause manipulated to distress
rape/assault - form of psychological warfare through humiliation, body of woman represents whole community
graham
how many people voted and turned out for 1976 referendum on political reform?
95% of 77% turn out voted in favour
but abstentation higher in some areas eg basque
in basque - 51.1% abstained, and of those who did vote, 23.5% voted against.
heywood
what did article 16 of the constitution say
rejected an official religion
heywood
example of jaen and why its so hard to know specific numbers about the repression
official francoist investigation - 1,875 rightists killed by republicans
later francoist study - 3,049 rightists killed, 857 leftists killed
2005 study - 1,859 rightists murdered or dead in prison, 3,278 dead from francoist repression
preston
example of village of concud
in teruel
1,005 men women and children found in a pit 6ft wide and 250 ft deep, few were political militants
preston
example of zaragoza prison
42 new born babies died in one week
children mistreated, locked up, forced to eat own vomit
pregnancy would not save a woman from execution
preston
nos of deaths and prisoners according to renshaw
350,000 deaths in civil war
200,000 republicans
270,000 republican prisoners
100,000 of those died in prisons/concentration camps
how many executions were there in andalucia/extremadura
over 5000 executions in cordoba, badajoz, huelva and seville by end of 1936
ruiz
anniversary dates
30th sept - commemoration of the liberation of hte heroes of the straight of quinto
28th oct - day of the fallen
10th feb - day of the fallen student
viejo rose
what did the pp cortes decide in 2002
adopted a formal resolution unanimously acknowledging that the civil war was the result of a military coup which was both illegal and unjustified
stradling
scandal of the RAH
RAH = real academia de la historia
published biographical spanish dictionary
a publicly funded group by residue of dictatorship, people invited to write entries regardless of suitability
some entries lauded franco and dictatorship
argued they were objective
ealham
stats about prisoners from ealham
by 1938, franco claimed to have a list of 2 million people awaiting punishment
1940 - 500,000 prisoners in concentration camps
100,000 in labour battalions
300,000 in jail
1939-1944 - 150,000 prisoners died through disease and hunger
when was the 2nd vatican council
1963, addressed relations between the catholic church and the world
when was juan carlos named as francos successor
1969
dates that psoe were elected
1982, 1989, 1993, 2004
dates that pp were elected
1996, 2000, 2011
