Transition and Nationalism Flashcards
(24 cards)
When was the constitution of Spain created
1978
what was the split in the political heirarchy?
aperturistas - those who think the regime has to change to survive
immovilistas (bunker) - regime needed to intensify repression and return to fundamental values
who is attributed with bringing democracy to spain?
juan carlos and adolfo suarez
how many attempted coups were there between francos death and the election of psoe in 1982? and which was the most memorable
at least 6
1981 coup most memorable - military held politicans at gunpoint in parliament demanding a return to dictatorship, juan carlos faced it down.
Key points of constitution (9)
constitutional monarchy
2 chamber parliament - congress and senate
flag will be red and gold of francoism but with spanish monarch’s coat of arms
church and state separate
state devolves power to all regions of spain
gives army political role
rights and protections to trade unions
rights to political parties
freedom of press and speech
what was the narrative of the civil war in 1940s
republicans to blame 2nd republic deeply flawed left abandoned democracy communist plot, imminent revolution foreign histories banned
1960s narrative of civil war
opening up economy, starting to relax, realising myths need to change
historians starting to be interested in history from below
1970s narrative of civil war
division of spaniards not good
collective tragedy/madness
1980s - 90s narrative of civil war
civil war was about culture wars
more spanish scholars writing about it
structural explanations of history are
marxist theories of economic development - look at history from pov of landholding
annales school of thinking - eg braudel, about long term causes
works for a narrative that says civil war was inevitable
1990s narrative of civil war
cultural history and memory
recognising victimhood in post conflict/dictatorship societies
postmodernist - reality discursively created
identity
theorists of nationalism
1980
benedict anderson - imagined communities
hobsbaum and ranger - invention of tradition
how many provinces are there in the basque country
3 in france, 4 in spain
why is guernica symbolically important
spanish monarchs supposed to travel to tree of guernica and swear to uphold basque nationalsim
who was the founder of basque nationalism
sabino arrana
why is basque nationalism racist
sabino arrana was keen on idea of purity of blood, basque people have unusal propensity for resus negative blood, became a biological marker of basqueness
what are the key markers of basquness?
blood language - euskadi typography of basque country makes them simple hardy country folk medieval virtues for men and women catholic
when did the catalonian political movement grow
mid-lat 19thc
what was catalonian nationalism about to begin with
rediscovery of literature and language
confined to middle classes, led by rich male industrials, didnt want independence but a say in the spanish government
what is the reference point for catalonia birth
kingdom of aragon from 13th-16th c
union of aragon and castile was to work together, but over the years spain has taken over aragon
catalan myths about itself
had first medieval parliament
valencia and balearics catalan (language and history)
what happened in 1740 to catalan
treaty of utret 1730 and final subjugation of catalonia in 1740
national day celebrates their defeat in that war - reminds them of what they had.
after 1740 spaniards attacked catalan language and culture, banned old flags.
catalan nationalism now
very inclusive
learning catalan is a way of becoming catalan
popular force, embraces all classes and backgrounds
believe everything good comes from catalonia and rest of spain drags them down.
what were the effects of franco’s regime on catalan and basque nationalism?
both suffered a lot during regime, policed areas more, banned use of language, symbols, signs of identity
eta / catalan martyrs like salvado puig antich
present themselves now as genuine democracies
