HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & TAXONOMY

Question 1

Systematic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Involves the study of: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Fungi

Answer 2

Microbiology

Question 3

Why do we study microbes?

Answer 3

To provide a specific identification
Provide better treatment/alternative

Question 4

Presence of bacteria in blood

Answer 4

Sepsis

Question 5

Causing septic shock, fever, chills

Answer 5

Sepsis

Question 6

Suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

Answer 6

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 7

Father of protozoology and bacteriology

Answer 7

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 8

1st person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as “animalcules”

Answer 8

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 9

Used magnifying glass to see animal cells

Answer 9

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 10

Father of modern microbiology

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

Pasteurization

Answer 11

Louis Pasteur

Question 12

Discovered spontaneous generation

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur

Question 13

Proponent of biogenesis

Answer 13

Louis Pasteur

Question 14

Creation of Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 14

Louis Pasteur

Question 15

Dead form of organism
Anthrax and Rabies

Answer 15

Attenuated

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

Louis Pasteur

Question 17

If infectious agent nagpass by tas wala kang symptoms/di ka susceptible

Answer 17

Exposure

Question 18

If host manifested infectious agent

Answer 18

Infection

Question 19

Contact from another source to another source

Answer 19

Exposure

Question 20

Coined by Edward Jenner

Answer 20

Vaka

Question 21

Developed the antiseptic system of surgery

Answer 21

Joseph Lister

Question 22

Instructed personnel to conduct handwashing
Bed applied disinfectant (phenol-alcohol but toxic)

Answer 22

Joseph Lister

Question 23

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 23

Robert Koch

Question 24

Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Kochs Bacili)

Answer 24

Robert Koch

Question 25

Culture of bacteria using media

Answer 25

Robert Koch

Question 26

Use of agar and petri dish in cultivating bacteria

Answer 26

Robert Koch

Question 27

Presence of organism should be related to the infectious state of the host (disease have should also be the one introducedO

Answer 27

Robert Koch

Question 28

CAP BAP

Answer 28

Gram positive

Question 29

Promote cultivation of bacteria

Answer 29

Agar

Question 30

Evidence required to establish etiologic relationship between microorganism and disease

Answer 30

Koch's Postulates

Question 31

(1) Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease (2) It must be isolated and grown in pure culture (3) The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease (4) Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal

Answer 31

Koch's Postulates

Question 32

Discovered salvarsan to treat syphilis

Answer 32

Paul Ehrlich

Question 33

Discovered penicillin

Answer 33

Alexander Fleming

Question 34

Prevents growth in the surrounding media

Answer 34

Penicillin

Question 35

An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, ID)

Answer 35

Taxonomy

Question 36

Polyphasic taxonomy is based on

Answer 36

Genotypic (genetic make-up) characteristics Phenotypic (biochemical) characteristics Phylogenetic (evolutionary relationships)

Question 37

Through time they have evolved to a certain organism Ability to adapt to the environment

Answer 37

Phylogenetic

Question 38

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-flight Mass spectrometry

Answer 38

MALDI-TOF MS

Question 39

Father of taxonomy

Answer 39

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 40

Binomial classification (proper naming of organism, genus species)

Answer 40

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 41

Nomenclature is limited to two taxa

Answer 41

Genus and species

Question 42

What letter of the genus is capitalized and can be abbreviated

Answer 42

First letter

Question 43

Species name starts using what letter

Answer 43

Lowercase letter

Question 44

Both components are either

Answer 44

italicized or underlined

Question 45

Basis: Cellular organism and Nutritional pattern 5 kingdom system

Answer 45

Robert Whittaker (1969)

Question 46

5 kingdom system

Answer 46

Monera/Prokaryotae Fungi Protistae Animalia Plantae

Question 47

Basis: Cellular organization and function Domain system

Answer 47

Carl Woese (1971)

Question 48

Domain system

Answer 48

Bacteria Eukaria Archaea

Question 49

Subspecies

Answer 49

Strains Biovars Serovars

Question 50

Hierarchical Classification

Answer 50

Domain Kingdom (composed of similar divisions) Division or Phylum Class Order Family (have common attribute) Tribe Genus (contains different species) Species (Epithet) (most basic taxonomic group) Subspecies

Question 51

Organism population that is differentiated from populations within species

Answer 51

Strains

Question 52

Variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences

Answer 52

Biovars

Question 53

Variation in serological reactions; strains with distinctive antigenic properties

Answer 53

Serovars

Question 54

Strain that has difference in terms of morphologies Same species different morphology

Answer 54

Morphobars

Question 55

Capitalized and ends in -aceae

Answer 55

Family name

Question 56

Ends in -ales

Answer 56

Order name

Question 57

End in -eae

Answer 57

Tribe names

Question 58

Written in lowercase

Answer 58

Species (epithet/specific epithet)

Question 59

Species can be abbreviated as

Answer 59

sp. (singular) or spp. (plural)

Question 60

In transferring species from one genus to another, the ___ is retained, example Campylobacter pylori >> Helicobacter pylori

Answer 60

Species

Question 61

The type of strains of organisms are deposited in reference type culture collections such as

Answer 61

ATCC and NTCC