Historical Environment : WW1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
when was the first battle of Ypres?
1914
what happened in WW1 in 1915 during the Ypres Battlefield?
the British used tunnels and mines to capture Hill 60 from the Germans
what happened in the second battle of Ypres?
chlorine gas was used for the first time by the Germans
what happened in the third battle of Ypres?
the ground was waterlogged and men drowned in the mud. 245,000 casualties
what was the problem with the battle of Ypres?
very waterlogged. Germans has the high ground over the Allies
when was the battle of the Somme and what happened?
in 1916, 20,000 soldiers died on the first day; 400,000 overall Allied casualties
when was the Battle of Arras, and what happened?
1917, there were 160,000 British casualties with underground hospitals and around 700 beds
when was the Battle of Cambrai, and what happened?
1917, Allies used 450 tanks for a surprise attack; but ultimately lost
what did a stretcher-bearer do in WW1?
they helped to pick up injured soldiers from battle; but there was only 16 bearers per 1000 men
what was the evacuation route?
RAP -> dressing stations -> CCS -> base hospital
what was the RAP?
Regimental Aid Post:
- usually dug in trenches and would treat minor injuries.
- and those with more severe injuries would be sent to the dressing station
what were field ambulances and dressing stations?
field ambulances - a team of doctors and from 1915, nurses; who would transport soldiers to dressing stations
-severe cases would be sent to the Casualty Cleaning Stations
what were Casualty Clearing Stations?
-large tents around 10 miles from the frontline
-they carried out operations and amputations
-could only deal with 1,000 at one time and were easily overwhelmed
what were base hospitals?
-were civilian hospitals reached by train or ambulance
-handled severe injuries and could hold 2,500 patients at once
-the journey was slow and painful
what three gases were used in WW1, when, and what was done to prevent them?
chlorine gas - 1915
phosgene gas - 1915
mustard gas - 1917
soldiers urinated on handkerchiefs and held them to their noses
what was gangrene and how was it caused?
decomposition of the body due to the lack of blood supply, caused by bacteria in the wounds
what caused trench fever?
lice
what were the symptoms of trench fever?
high temperature, headaches and muscle pains
what was the impact of trench fever?
around 15% of men were out of action for days even weeks
how was trench fever prevented?
delousing stations, louse repellent gel or soldiers would just pick them off
what caused trench foot?
waterlogged trenches and constantly wet feet
what were the symptoms of trench foot?
numb and swollen feet with a lack of blood supply
what was the impact of trench foot?
could have led to gangrene and some cases were hospitalised
how did they try to prevent trench foot?
whale oil on feet, foot inspections and a higher supply of socks
