Historical Overview (Harmening 6th ed | Chapter 1 | P) Flashcards
(40 cards)
What happened during 1492?
Blood was taken from 3 young men and given to the stricken Pope Innocent VII in the hope of curing him, unfortunately, all 4 died
The occurrence that happened during 1492 is considered as what?
It is considered as the 1st time a blood transfusion was recorded in history
After the 1st time a blood transfusion was recorded, what was the principal obstacle to overcome?
Clotting
What happened during 1869?
Attempts to find a nontoxic anticoagulant began
How did the attempts to find a nontoxic anticoagulant began?
When Braxton Hicks recommended Na phosphate
What is the discovery of Karl Landsteiner?
He discovered the ABO blood grps and explained the serious rxns that occur in humans as a result of incompatible transfusions
When did Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood grps?
1901
What is the achievement of Landsteiner’s work / discovery?
His work early in the 20th century won a Nobel Prize
What is the contribution of Edward E. Lindemann?
He was the 1st to succeed when it comes to devices w/c are designed for performing the transfusions
What and how is the principle of performing transfusions via the use of devices by Lindemann done?
He carried out vein-to-vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein through the skin
What are the cons of the method of transfusion by Lindemann?
1) The process is time-consuming
2) It is a complicated procedure
3) The process required many skilled assistants
What is the contribution by Unger?
He designed his syringe-valve apparatus that transfusions from donor to pt by an unassisted physician became practical
What happened during 1914?
An unprecedented accomplishment of blood transfusion was achieved
In connection to the unprecedented accomplishment in blood transfusion in 1914, what is the contribution of Hustin?
He reported the use of Na citrate as an anticoagulant solution for transfusions
What happened during 1915?
Lewisohn determined the min amt of citrate needed for anticoagulation and demonstrated its nontoxicity in small amts
In connection to what happened in 1915, what happened to the view to transfusions?
Transfusions became more practical and safer for the pt
After the discoveries regarding the use of Na citrate of anticoagulant, what followed next?
The development of preservative solutions to enhance the metabolism of the RBC
What happened during 1916?
Glucose was tried as a preservative solution to enhance the metabolism of the RBC followed
In connection to the trial of glucose as an preservative solution to enhance the metabolism of RBC, what is the contribution of Rous and Turner?
They introduced a citrate-dextrose solution for the preservation of blood
What is the course of time regarding the understanding the function of glucose in RBC metabolism and what is the result of this?
It is not understood until the 1930s w/c results for the common practice of using glucose in the preservative solution was delayed
What did WW II stimulated and why?
It stimulated blood preservation research because the demand for blood and plasma increased
What is the pioneer work of Dr. Charles Drew during the WW II?
Developing techniques in blood transfusion and blood preservation lead to the establishment of a widespread system of blood banks
What happened during Feb 1941?
Dr. Drew was appointed director of the 1st American Red Cross bank
Where is Dr. Drew appointed director of the 1st American Red Cross blood bank?
Presbyterian hospital
