Historical process Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the definition of migration in the Caribbean context?
Migration refers to the movement of people from one area to another, either voluntarily or forcibly, for the purpose of settling permanently or semi-permanently. Caribbean migration includes both internal movements and movements into and out of the region.
From where did the first peoples of the Caribbean originate?
The first peoples, the Amerindians, migrated from Eurasia across the Bering Strait, beginning around 18,000–16,000 years ago during the Ice Age
Which Indigenous groups settled in the Caribbean and when?
Ciboney: Earliest settlers
Tainos: Arrived between 1200s–1300s to the Greater Antilles
Kalinago (Caribs): Settled in the Lesser Antilles thereafter
What happened in 1492–1494 that shaped Caribbean history?
Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas was signed, giving Spain exclusive rights to the Americas, sparking the Spanish conquest and colonization
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the New World between them. Spain gained control of most of the Caribbean.
Name three early European systems of production.
1.Encomienda system – Indigenous labour for tribute
2.Plantation system – Large-scale monoculture
3.Transatlantic Slavery – Forced African labour
Why did Europeans consider Africans best suited for slavery?
-Africans were perceived as physically resilient
-They were unfamiliar with the Caribbean terrain and thus less likely to escape
-Existing trade systems in Africa facilitated mass supply
Name two forms of resistance by enslaved peoples.
-Revolts and rebellions (e.g. Haitian Revolution 1791)
-Cultural resistance (e.g. preservation of African languages and religions)
When did the British abolish the slave trade and slavery?
Slave trade: 1807
Slavery: 1834, with full emancipation in 1838
What was the significance of the Morant Bay Rebellion (1865)?
Led by Paul Bogle, it led to Crown Colony government in Jamaica and pushed for constitutional reform
Which groups were brought as indentured labourers after emancipation?
-East Indians (1838–1917)
-Chinese (1853–1866)
-Portuguese, Syrians, and Lebanese
Why were indentured labourers brought to the Caribbean?
To replace African labour after emancipation and maintain plantation production systems.
Where did many Caribbean people migrate in the 20th century?
United Kingdom (e.g. Windrush generation)
United States
Canada
Panama, Venezuela, Cuba, and Honduras (for labour opportunities)
What is the Caribbean diaspora?
Caribbean nationals living outside the region who maintain cultural, political, and economic ties with their home countries.
Name one major impact of the diaspora on Caribbean identity.
strengthened transnational networks and influenced political activism and cultural identity abroad (e.g. Marcus Garvey’s UNIA in Harlem).
