Histories Flashcards
(231 cards)
1
Q
What did Maori originally call Europeans
A
Tangata kē: strangers
Maitai: from sea
Tangata tupua: globin people
Takata pora: ship people
Tangata pākehā/pākehā
2
Q
When were Cook’s pacific explorations
A
1770s
3
Q
When did Europeans cross the horizon into Pēwhairangi (bay of islands) and Te Ara-a-Kiwa (Foveaux strait)
A
1790s
4
Q
Why did whalers first come to NZ (Pewhairangi, 1790s)
A
Repairs, supplies
5
Q
When did New England whalers come to NZ
A
1800s, far more in 1830s. Maori provide provisions and recruits
6
Q
When did whaling end (temporarily)
A
1809, utu against Boyd: 1812-14 US-UK war
7
Q
When did the sealing industry take off in NZ
A
1800s
8
Q
When was the first sealing gang in NZ (NSW at Tamatea (Dusky Sound), unsuccessful)
A
1792
9
Q
In 1806 which ship landed 60000 pelts in Sydney
A
Favorite (from Nantucket)
10
Q
In 1809 what did Isle of Wight off St Clair beach do
A
8 man sealing gang took 2000 skins over 20 weeks
11
Q
In 1810 in one week 100000 pounds worth of skins landed at
A
Port Jackson, Sydney
12
Q
When was the first shore whaling station
A
1829
13
Q
How many sealing stations existed in the south and lower north island in 1840
A
~20
14
Q
What did southern sealing stations operate under the authority of
A
Tuhawaiki, Taiaroa, Ngai Tahu rangatira
15
Q
How did whalers interact with Maori
A
Many marriages, chiefly women married owners and managers, lesser ranking women with employees
16
Q
What happened to Tuki-Tahua in 1793
A
Kidnapped and brought to Norfolk island with Huri-kokoti to teach convicts how to make rope out of harakeke (unsuccessful as this is women’s knowledge). Tuki draws map for Philip King to illustrate his knowledge of homeland
17
Q
What does Te Tai Tokerau mean
A
Northland
18
Q
How did the return of Tuki and Huru to Te Tai Tokerau rangatira help Maori/pakeha relations
A
Gave presents such as potatoes. Interaction suggests “the possibility for sustained strategic relationships with Pakeha”. NSW governor king hosts visiting rangatira, issues proclamations to protect Maori sailors
19
Q
In 1805 how did Te pahi and his sons from pewhairangi improve Maori/pakeha relations
A
Visit governor king in Port Jackson, exchange gifts. Te Pahi studies gardening and brings home seeds and fruit trees. Provides gifts to visiting ships in pewhairangi
20
Q
When did Samuel Marsden first begin considering a Christian mission trip to NZ
A
Upon meeting Te pahi
21
Q
When, how and why was Te Pahi killed
A
1810 killed by a ship lynch mob who thought he killed the crew of Boyd
22
Q
What happened in 1809 to Ruatara (relation of Te Pahi)
A
Dumped in London by ship captain, nursed back to health by Marsden en route to Port Jackson from London. Ruatara lives with Marsden at his Parramatta farm and learns about farming. Ruatara point of contact in NZ for missionaries
23
Q
Where did Marsden settle missionaries in 1814
A
By Ruatara’s pā at Rangihoua (northern Pewhairangi)
24
Q
What does Ruatara use his Pakeha knowledge for
A
Develop new crops and exports to NSW, creates an English style village and provides an English education to children
25
Who promises Marsden to take over Ruatara's role upon his death in 1815
Hongi Hika (Ruatara's uncle)
26
Who takes over Pewhairangi in 1770s-1826
Hapu belonging to Ngapuhi
27
Who were the two opposing clusters of hapu in Pewhairangi
Hongi's alliance in the North, vs southern based. Competed for access to Pakeha material wealth and missionaries
28
In 1830 who takes Kororareka (Russell), the main site of Maori-Pakeha interactions
Northern alliance
29
How did Pakeha settlement begin in Te Waipounamu
Marry pakeha men to maori kinswomen, Otakou whaling station established 1832
30
How many villages in Otago harbour 1823
2, 5 by 1826
31
When did young maori men serve in deep sea whalers
1820-40s. Some became first and second mates. Introduced Pakeha methods to whanau, whaleboat dominant form of transport for Ngai Tahu by 1840. Skills learnt establish dominance of coastal trade in 1840s-50s
32
Who were Maori interpreters in the early days
Mostly seafarers. For example Tuai/Tui (Ngare Raumati), Ruatara, Maui (southern Ngapuhi)
33
What were Pakeha-Maori
Pakeha who became part of a Maori community. Married into Rangatira's whanau, learnt reo and tikanga, acted as interpreters, advised rangatira in trading relationships
34
Who was James Heberley
Worked at Te Awaiti shore whaling station in 1830 and married Te Wai from Te Ati Awa. Women acted as cultural mediators between pakeha husbands and institutions
35
Until when did Ngai Tahu mixed children retain Ngai Tahu connections
1840s, later generations became part of pakeha communities
36
When and who was Hongi Hika leader of
1820, Ngapuhi
37
Who visited Britain in 1820 to obtain weapons to seek utu against other iwi in Te Ika-A-Maui
Hongi, Kendall, Waikato
38
Who did Hongi's war parties from Te Tai Tokerau (south) beat and when
Ngati Poua and Ngati Maru in 1821, Waikato-Tainui in 1822, Te Arawa in 1823, Ngati Whatua in 1825
39
When did Hongi initiate peace including inter tribal marriages with Waikato
1822
40
What leadership qualities did Hongi Hika have
Ariki (ritual), tohunga in carving, agriculturalist, loving husband
41
Who was Hongi Hika's wife
Turikātuku. Military adviser and tohunga
42
Who was Te Rauparaha rangatira of
Ngati Toa
43
What happens to Rauparaha in 1821
Waikato-Ngati Maniapoto push him and allies from Kawhia out, he migrates south to Kapiti coast
44
What do tribal migrations of allies settle in 1824-1833
Kapiti-Manawatu area
45
Who is Te Rauparaha's sister
Waitohi. Invites their mother's people to migrate south from Waikato
46
Why did Te Rauparaha attack Ngai Tahu
Utu after he was cursed. Captures Kaikoura pa
47
In 1830 how does Rauparaha get utu for death of his tuakana, Te Peehi Kupe
Hires Stewart of Elizabeth to kidnap and kill upoko ariki Tamaiharanui
48
What does Te Rauparaha's taua do in 1832
Takes Kaiapoi and other pa at Akaroa. 25% of Ngai Tahu are killed or captured, many migrate south to Otago and Murihiku regions
49
Who was Te Matenga Taiaroa leader of and when
Ngai Tahu, 1830s-40s
50
What happens in Ngai Tahu's fight back during the 1830s
Under Tuhawaiki they nearly capture Rauparaha, defeat his allies in 1830s including Te Puoho of Ngati Tama. Peace reestablished 1839 after Ngati Toa release Kaiapoi chiefs
51
Who was Te Wherowhero leader of
Waikato-Tainui. Educated in whare wananga, warrior and strategist who by 1840s is recognised by Maori and Pakeha leaders as one of Aotearoa's preeminent ariki
52
Who does Te Wherowhero fight in 1831-34
Taranaki (allies of Te Rauparaha), many migrate south and settle Wellington and Chatham islands. Protects Ngati Whatua who move to Waikato, escorts back to Auckland and reestablishes peace by 1844
53
Who does Te Wherowhero shelter 1827-30
Ngati Maru
54
What leads to the peace settlement by Te Kakapi, a Te Ati Awa women, 1840
Ngati Kahungunu under pressure from Taranaki and other migrants, fights back
55
What are the taurekareka (war captives) numbers
Te Rauparaha has some 2000 captives working for him
56
When do iwi start to buy muskets
1810s-1830s
57
What were muskets called by maori
Te ahi a te tipua (demon's fire)
58
What did Maori trade in exchange for muskets
Potatoes, dressed flax, pigs
59
How much did Ngai tahu population decrease between 1829 and 1844, and why
50%, due to diseases and battle
60
Who baptises rangatira in Te Puni
Octavius Hadfield
61
How did Maori embrace Christianity most successfully
By incorporating it into their indigenous beliefs
62
When did land become an absolute possession, dispossessing local maori from their best lands in places like kerikeri
1850s
63
What lay the foundations for written maori
Hongi Hika's 1820 visit to Marsden in England with Kendall (Waikato rangatira) completing A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand by Cambridge University orientalist Samuel Lee
64
What is whaikorero
Maori oratory
65
What is He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni
Declaration of independence of the united tribes of new zealand
66
When was the declaration signed
28 October 1835
67
Where was the declaration signed
Home of British resident James Busby
68
Who signed the declaration
34 northern chiefs
69
What did the 4 articles of the declaration state
Mana and sovereign power in NZ resided fully with Maori, foreigners not allowed to make laws
70
What is Te Whakaminenga
Confederation of united tribes. Meant to meet at Waitangi each Autumn to frame laws. Protected British subjects in their territory and sought king William's protection against threats to their mana. Thanked king for acknowledging their flag
71
Who was the first Maori king
Te Wherowhero
72
How many had signed the declaration by July 1839
52
73
How did Busby view the declaration (how did he benefit)
Prevent other countries from making formal deals with Maori
74
What was the Elizabeth Affair 1830
Te Rauparaha asks for assistance of captain and crew of the Elizabeth in return for a cargo of flax. They capture Te Maiharanui of Ngai Tahu, torture and kill him. Reports back to NSW say ship contains baskets of human flesh (cannibalism: British press hears about this, massive pressure for government to intervene)
75
What is the result of the 1830 Elizabeth Affair
After Marsden encourages governor Richard Bourke of NSW to recommend action by colonial office, May 1833 James Busby appointed British Resident in bay of islands
76
What was Busby's role as british resident
Race relations conciliator. Protect well disposed settlers and traders, prevent outrages of Europeans against Maori, apprehend escaped convicts. Given no resources to achieve these ends.
77
When was a national flag chosen (united tribes of NZ, enabled trade without ships being seized)
20 March 1834, hui of chiefs at Waitangi
78
When was the Waitangi tribunal set up
1975, under Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975. Based in Wellington, listens to grievances related to Treaty of Waitangi, makes unbinding recommendations to government
79
What forced the Labour government to pass legislation setting up the Waitangi tribunal
1975 Maori Land march
80
What did Baron de Thierry, a French aristocrat do
Attempts a sovereign state around the Hokianga
81
How many signatures did the declaration have by July 1939
52
82
Who were the notable signatories of the declaration
Te Hapuku of Ngati Kahungunu (Wairapapa), Te Wherowhero of Tainui (Waikato)
83
What does Britain do following reports of fighting from Busby of fighting 1836/7
May 1837 send naval captain Hobson by Governor Bourke of NSW to report on the situation. Recommends establishment of factories and a treaty to guarantee land holdings for the factories
84
What happens regarding Hobson in 1938 and 39
Lord Glenelg appoints Hobson consul to NZ, Lord Normanby approves Hobson as consul then lieutenant governor, declaration of independence affirmed. Governor Gipps of NSW issues instructions to Hobson to seek sovereignty for Britain. January 1840 Hobson sails to NZ
85
What does Hobson do upon arrival in NZ
Meets Busby, Charles Baker (CMS missionary), William Colenso (printer from Paihia). Discuss instructions from Normanby, drafts invitation to chiefs, gives to Busby who gives to Colenso to translate and print. Invitations also sent to settlers of the area to meet with Hobson the next day. Treaty is drafted, Henry Williams translates a copy
86
When did Hobson arrive in NZ
29 Jan 1840
87
When did drafting of the treaty begin
1 February. Mention made of confederation of united tribes of NZ and separate and independent chiefs
88
Who translated the treaty into Maori
Henry Williams and son Edward, James Stuart Freeman (secretary) also assists
89
Why is Hobson unable to finish treaty
2 February suffers paralysis. Busby takes notes ashore, finishes with Freeman, Clendon, Alfred Brown
90
Who were the drafters of the treaty
Hobson, Busby, Henry Williams, Edward Williams, Colenso (first printer), Clendon (American resident), Maunsell, Clark (missionaries)
91
What was the fourth article of the treaty
Orally given: Maori can practice whatever religion they like
92
What did Article 1 say
Chiefs gaven Queen kawanatanga/sovereignty
93
What did Article 2 say
Guarantees chiefs and families full exclusive undisturbed possession of their lands, estates, forests, fisheries and other properties (taonga)
94
What did Article 3 say
Queen extends to natives her royal protection and imparts to them all the rights and privileges of British subjects
95
Who convinced many chiefs to be in favour of the treaty
Tamati Waka Nene, Patuone and Hone Heke, who were in favour of the treaty: too late to hold back the British, may as well sign the treaty
96
When was the treaty signed
6 February 1840. Hone Heke first
97
Which notable chief refused to sign the treaty but had signed the declaration
Te Wherowhero Tainui
98
What was the attitude of Tauranga chiefs to the treaty (Missionary Alfred Brown)
More than willing to sign in exchange for gifts like blankets and tobacco. Oral agreements far more valued, piece of paper felt irrelevant
99
Which copy did Te Rauparaha sign
Reverend Henry Williams' (the cook strait sheet)
100
Which copy did Te Hapuku sign
Major Thomas Bunbury's
101
Which copy did the Otago chiefs sign (ngai tahu) (Taiaroa, Karetai, Korako)
Major Thomas Bunbury's
102
What were the various copies of the treaty
Waitangi, Manukau-Kawhia, Waikato-Manukau (english), Printed, Tauranga, Bay of Plenty (Fedarb), Herald (Bunbury), Cook Strait (Henry Williams), East Coast (Turanga), Littlewood
103
Why did Tuhawaiki sign (southland chief)
Conditions on the back that Ruapuke island was not to be subject to the treaty
104
What is the Littlewood copy
Possibly the American resident's copy. Solicitor in bay of islands and Auckland during late 1830s-40s. Now in archives NZ, not housed with other copies
105
What was the purpose of the treaty from the Pakeha perspective
Political not legal document, kept other countries (France, US) out of NZ.
106
When did Hobson die
September 1842
107
How many chiefs eventually signed the treaty
544. 505 Maori version, 39 English version
108
What was Hobson's role
Drafted treaty and ensured Maori signatories
109
How did the Maori economy transform in the 1840s
Food and cropping (potatoes, maize, wheat, flour mills)
Trade, food (vegetables, livestock (pigs, sheep), fish, timber, flax)
Transportation (shipping, ferries, guides)
Labour/workforce (agriculture, roading, flax preparation, shipping/port workers)
110
What was the crown colony period
1840-52
111
When was William Hobson governor
1840-42
112
When was Robert Fitzroy governor
1843-45
113
When was George Grey governor
1845-53
114
What conditions did southern Maori sell their land to the crown under
Reserves
115
How many purchases were made of Ngai Tahu territory 1844-1864
10
116
What was a deed of purchase
Each had its own conditions. Each purchase had its own issues. Some had clauses about reserves being created for various iwi. Extinguishment of Maori title in favour of a title derived from the crown
117
When did the Non Maori population overtake the Maori population
1857-8: ~59000 overtakes 56000
118
What were Wellington, New Plymouth and Nelson established by
New Zealand Company (British based immigrant company)
119
What clause did governor Robert Fitzroy waiver in the treaty
Preemption clause enabling Crown to exclusively buy land (not settlers). Then on sell to make money and control registration systems
120
What was the Northern War governor Fitzroy was a part of
Hone Heke and Kawiti
121
Which governor had to deal with the Wairau affair
Robert Fitzroy
122
What was the Wairau affair
1843 Nelson settlers wanted to survey land that they claimed was theirs. Settlers were too impatient to wait for the Lands Claims commission so they went ahead and surveyed. Te Rauparaha and nephew Te Rangihaeata took issue with the settlers and sacked them from their land. Governor Fitzroy condemned the settlers
123
When were the Hone Heke and Kawiti Northern wars
1845-6
124
When was the capital shifted from Russell
1841
125
When did Hone Heke (Ngati Rahiri) die
1807-1850
126
What were the wars in Northland due to a concern of
Realisation that sovereignty had come over the land. Decline in demands for Maori goods and services, Treaty had not brought benefits
127
Who replaced Fitzroy in 1845
George Grey
128
Why was George Grey brought to NZ
Deal with continued hostilities between Maori and European settlers, given resources from Britain
129
Who established the constitution for representative government
George Grey
130
When was the New Zealand Constitution Act passed
1852 (Grey)
131
What were the disputed purchases Grey had to deal with
Blenheim, Taranaki, Wellington
132
Which pa did Grey occupy with troops
kawiti in Northland
133
Who did Grey seize and imprison without trial
Te Rauparaha
134
What did the 1852 constitution act set up
2 provincial governments and a central government (Maori responsibility shifted from governor to central settler government). General assembly (colonial legislature), governor, upper chamber (legislative council: appointed members, abolished 1950), lower chamber (house of representatives: elected members)
135
What part of the 1852 constitution act was never set up
Power of the governors to create native districts (self rule areas)
136
How many provincial councils did the NZ Constitution act set up
6
137
Who headed provincial councils
Superintendents
138
When were provincial councils abolished
1876
139
How did provincial governments supplement revenue
Maori land sales
140
Many provincial councillors (including superintendents) were also
MPs
141
How many Maori voted in Auckland in the elections for the house 1853
100
142
How many Maori voted in the 1858 Wellington provincial council elections
Over 100 registered but only 12 were allowed after evidence heard on the value of their homes
143
When was Thomas Gore-Browne governor
1853-9
144
What did governor Thomas Gore-Browne have to deal with
General assembly, provincial government, pressure from settlers for more land, emergence of maori king movement, problems in taranaki land
145
How was the provincial government funded
Maori land sales, given to provinces
146
Who was Donald McLean
Native affairs minister 1869-76
MP Napier 1866-77
In 1850s was a land purchase agent
Actioned Waitara purchase
147
When was Te Wherowhero king (first king)
1858-60
148
When was Tawhiao king (second king)
1860-94
149
What was the Taranaki trouble (McLean attempting to buy a piece of land at Waitara)
Negotiated with Te Teira Manuka who wanted to sell to the crown, instead of Wiremu Kingi. Both were owners within land block- who had the powers to sell? Fighting broke out, stale mate was the result
150
What was the result of the Taranaki trouble regarding governor Gore Browne
Criticised by settler government for stalemate and giving up rights, recalled back to England
151
When was George Grey recalled back to NZ
1860-68. Reoccupied with troops the disputed Taranaki, battles with Maori: NZ wars of the 1960s
152
When was the Waikato invaded by Grey
1863: NZ wars of the 1960s
153
When was the NZ Settlements Act
1863
154
What did the NZ Settlements Act enable
Huge tracts of land confiscated because Maori deemed "in rebellion"
155
When was the kingitanga (Maori king movement)
1863-85
156
What did the kingitanga (Maori king movement) entail
Retreat into the king country
157
How can the NZ land wars be summarised
Crown tries to go through land from Auckland to reach Waitara. Maori resist with fighting, land confiscated. Retreat to what is now called king country
158
Who was Te Kooti
Fought on the government side, accused of spying for Maori. Transported without trial to Chatham Islands (1865), leader of prisoners. Escaped with supporters back to NZ, guerilla warfare with government 1869-72, 1872-82 exiled with Maori king in king country, pardoned in 1882
159
What happened with the Taranaki confiscated land 1866
Maori continue to live on confiscated land e.g Parihaka.
160
Who were the leaders at Parihaka
Te Whiti-O-Rongomai and Tohu Kakahi, both of Taranaki and Te Ati Awa iwi
161
Who launched raids on settlers to dissuade settlement on lands (1866)
Titokowaru of Ngati Ruanui
162
What was the main purpose of the 1863 NZ Settlement Act
Gave governor powers to confiscate land
163
When were the various Native Land Acts
1862, 1865, 1867
164
What was the purpose of the Native Land Court
Individualise title and make European transfer easier. Maori didn't want to individualise their land, driven into a state of poverty
165
What did Donald McLean advocate for in favour of Maori
Maori MPs
166
What were the reasons for the creation of Maori MPs
Large Maori taxation base needs representation, channel Maori concerns and efforts into parliament but only into 4 seats, balance electoral map
167
What was the Maori Representation Act 1867
Created 4 Maori seats out of a total 7 seats
168
What were the 4 Maori seats created
Northern, Western, Eastern, Southern
169
Who was able to occupy a Maori seat
Males over 21 years, no property qualifications
170
How many seats in parliament in the 1866 election
70
171
How many seats in parliament in the 1871 election
78
172
Who was the first northern Maori MP
Frederick Nene Russell
173
Who was the first western Maori MP
Mete Kingi Paetahi
174
Who was the first eastern Maori MP
Tareha Te Moananui
175
Who was the first southern Maori MP
John Paterson
176
What was the Mete Kingi Paetahi Election Act 1868
Needed to validate election, Donald McLean sponsors act
177
Who were elected into the Maori seats in the 1871 election
North: Wi Katene
West: Wi Parata (defeats Mete Kingi)
East: Karaitiana Takamoana
South: Hori Kerei Taiaroa
178
Who was Hori Kerei Taiaroa
Very long serving MP, 1871-79, 1881-85 MP southern Maori. 1879-1881, 1885-1905 appointed into legislative council. Petitions government for reserves
179
Who was Karaitiana Takamoana
1871-1879 MP Eastern Maori. Petitions government for reserves, critical of Native land court. Gets frustrated with inaction of government, gives up on asking for reserves, becomes sympathetic with repudiation movement
180
What was the repudiation movement
1870s Maori begin to dispute the crown purchases of land in the Wairarapa
181
Which iwi led the repudiation movement
Ngati Kahungunu
182
What was the kotahitanga movement
What the repudiation movement became, calling for a separate Maori parliament
183
What was the Maori Prisoners' Trial Act 1879
Enabled Maori arrested over Taranaki disputes to be imprisoned indefinitely even though there were no charges
184
When did the Grey government fall
October 1879
185
When was the Hall government
1879-82
186
When was John Hall MP selwyn (canterbury)
October 1879 - April 1882
187
When was John Bryce MP Wanganui and Waitotara
October 1879 - Jan 1881
188
What was the West Coast commission 1880
Enquiry in regard to promises over land reserves and compensation. Reserves were created, pondered reserves around Parihaka. William Fox former MP Rangitikei and premier (chair). Francis Dillion Bell former MP Mataura. Hone Mohi Tawhai MP Northern Maori
189
What did John Bryce do as Native Minister
Sent troops to Parihaka, doesn't care about West Coast commission. June 1880, troops destroy fences around crops and loots around Parihaka. 59 men sentenced in New Plymouth to hard labour at Lyttleton
190
When was John Bryce native minister
Oct 1881-1884. Prepares invasion of Parihaka
191
When was the Parihaka invasion
5 November 1881. 1600 troops invade when governor Gordon leaves to Fiji. Women raped, men transported to south island. Other Taranaki settlements raided, Te Whiti, Tohu and Titokowaru imprisoned
192
What was Bryce's involvement with the King country as native minister
Demands King country be opened up for development, building of roads and railways through Tainui and Ngati Maniapoto lands. Subjecting king country lands to investigation by Native Land Court. Government divides Tainui and Ngati Maniapoto and achieves their goals, further land loss is a result
193
What was the Smith-Nairn Royal Commission of Inquiry 1879
Work out whether reserves were promised. Investigated grievances associated with a number of the Crown's purchases of land from Ngai Tahu. Funding halted by Bryce before final report could be produced
194
When did political parties come into existence
1890s onward
195
When was the liberal party in power
1891-1912
(John Balance: 1891-93, Richard John Seddon: 1893-1906, William Hall Jones: 1906, Joseph Ward: 1906-1912)
196
When was the reform party in power
1912-28 (William Massey: 1912-25)
197
When was the Maori Land Claims Commission
1891. Set up to investigate long standing issues about Native Land. Other than changing laws about Maori land, nothing in substance is done
198
Who were the Maori MPs critical of continuing land loss
Northern Maori MP Hone Heke Ngapua, Eastern Maori MP Wi Pere
199
What were the social aspects of Maori in the twentieth century
Maori population at an all time low, general consensus that Maori were a dying race, Maori located in mainly rural areas, land holdings severely depleted. "Maori dying out so we'll get the land anyway"
200
What were James Carroll's main efforts
Slow loss of Maori land, but to no avail
201
What party was MP James Carroll part of
Liberal (Eastern Maori MP, Waiapu MP, Gisborne MP, minister in liberal government, executive council)
202
When was Apirana Ngata MP of the Liberal party (eastern Maori MP)
1905-1943
203
What did Apirana Ngata try to do
Supported James Carroll's attempts to slow the loss of Maori land
204
What was Hori Kerei Taiaroa still doing in the 20th century
Pressing for reserves in the south island
205
What was the south island landless natives act 1906 (SILNA)
Allocated to every man, woman and child in the south island (40/20 acres). However these were in remote areas that could not be used
206
When did the Liberal government begin a systematic accumulation of Tuhoe lands (BOP)
1890s-1920s
207
When did the Reform Party get into power
1912-1919
208
Who was prime minister 1912-1925
William Massey
209
Why did land sales increase 1912-1925
Ngata and Carroll no longer in government
210
Who were the Maori MPs in 1912
North: Te Rangihiroa (lib)
West: Maui Pomare (reform)
East: Apirana Ngata (lib)
South: Taare Parata (lib)
211
What were Maui Pomare's views
Assimilationist, didn't believe Maori culture should be preserved. Medical doctor, promoted Maori health
212
How did Northern Auckland iwi feel about WW1
Generally supportive
213
How did Maori in confiscation areas feel about WW1
Anti. Many refuse to join
214
What did Te Puea Herangi (granddaughter of Tawhiao) do
Particularly critical of WW1, targeted by Crown for trying to prevent conscription of Maori Waikato men
215
What happened with land at the conclusion of WW1
Farm schemes for returned soldiers, Maori excluded (Maui Pomare supports this). Ngata tries to persuade support for Maori
216
Who was Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana
Faith healer in Wanganui district, emerged in 1918. One aim was to have te tiriti enshrined into law
217
How did Maori MPs mostly view Ratana
A charlatan, Ngata (MP for Eastern Maori) most critical
218
How was Ratana opposed by Maori
Ngata and other MPs begin to address land confiscations, form an alliance with Te Puea to oppose Ratana
219
How did Ratana petition to enshrine the treaty into war
26000 person petition to present to King George V, was refused an audience. Then decides to campaign and capture 4 Maori seats of parliament
220
What happened in the 1935 general election
Labour party wins for the first time due to the Great Depression. Michael Joseph Savage prime minister
221
What was the Labour/Ratana coalition
Ratana and Savage agree to address Maori problems, land loss, and implement te tiriti into supreme law
222
What happens with WW2 regarding Maori
Labour and Maori MPs begin a massive war effort, all regions support the effort. Creation of Maori battalion. Price of citizenship: surely Maori will get better deals from the Crown now?
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What happened post WW2
Urbanisation, economic boom: pressure on Maori to migrate to urban areas
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What were the push factors for urban migration
Strain on limited rural economic resources, employment, geographical isolation, escape confines of culture
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What were the pull factors for urban migration
Economic security, higher education/training, adventure, independence
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What was the Hunn Report
Commissioned in 1960 to review the department of Maori affairs, written by Jack Hunn. Far reaching recommendations, encouraged urbanisation, numerous assaults on Maori culture, assimilation or integration? Encouraged individually owned land
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What difficulties did Maori face upon urban migration
Employment: unskilled, 1980s redundancies
Housing: hostels, inner city living, pepper potting, ethnic enclaves
Racism: springbok tour, Maori march
Maori women's welfare league
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What was the Maori women's welfare league
Maori war effort organisation advised in 1943 the appointment of 6 welfare and liaison officers to assist with Maori issues and adapting to urban life. Advocated for Maori in the cities, housing, health, education, employment, social work, maori cultural and language development
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When was the Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act
1945
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How did Maori adjust to urban migration
Religious groups, cultural clubs, tribal groups, maori organisations, urban, pan tribal marae, pan tribal maori authorities, distance from turangawaewae
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What is Te Hūnuku
Maori urban migration
