History: 1.12.22

Question 1

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 1

1919: A treaty formed after WWI ended to decide Germany’s consequences for starting the war

Question 2

Who were the ‘Big Three’?

Answer 2

-George Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France)
-David Lloyd George (Prime Minister of Britain)
-Woodrow Wilson (President of the USA)

Question 3

What were George Clemenceau’s aims?

Answer 3

-Ensure Germany was too weak to attack
-Return Alsace-Lorraine region to France
-Huge reparations
-An independent Rhineland which would weaken Germany

Question 4

What were David Lloyd George’s aims?

Answer 4

-To mantain Britain and Germany’s trading system
-To protect the Royal Navy
-Thought that there would be a new war in 25 years

Question 5

What were Woodrow Wilson’s aims?

Answer 5

-Don’t be too harsh on Germany
-International cooperation
-Strengthen democracy in defeated countries
-‘Wilson’s 14 points’ which weren’t all considered-> hated the treaty

Question 6

What were the terms of the TofV?

Answer 6

-Land-> lost 13% of land their land, rhineland demilitarised
-Army->lost 10,000 soldier, 6 battleships, no airforce
-Money-> $6.6 billion in reparations
-Blame-> germany took full blame for the war

Question 7

What was the Treaty Of Neuilly?

Answer 7

1919: Bulgaria
Land-> forced to cede occupied eastern Serbian land of Yugoslavia
Army-> reduced to 20,000 men
Money-> $100 million for reparations (didn’t pay all)
Blame-> took almost none of the blame

Question 8

What was the Treaty of St Germain?

Answer 8

September 1919: Austria (helped ending the war)
Land-> lost 2/3 of land
Army-> restricted 30,000 men, forbidden to ever reunite with germany
Money-> obligated to pay for all reparations of war damage

Question 9

What was the Treaty of Trianon?

Answer 9

1920: Hungary
Land-> lost 2/3 of their land
Army-> restricted to 35,000 men
Money-> pay few reparations
Blame-> didn’t take any of the blame

Question 10

What was the Treaty of Sevres?

Answer 10

August 1920: Ottoman Empire/Turkey
Land-> lost 83% of land 70% of population
Army-> limited to 50,000 troops, navy strictly limited, no air force
Money-> reparations were never set because of an unstable empire, economy controlled by the allies
Blame-> didn’t take any of the blame

Question 11

What Political Impact did TofV have on Germany?

Answer 11

-Pressure on government, were seen as unstrustworthy
-Riots of political assassinations began

Question 12

What Social Impact did TofV have on Germany?

Answer 12

-Germany belived that the treaty was unfair
-German people called it a ‘diktat’-> received harsh punishments without consultation

Question 13

What Econmic Impact did TofV have on Germany?

Answer 13

-Hyperinflation/Economic collapse (Confict in the Ruhr)-> the government started printing extra money causing hyperinflation
-People lost their jobs, and rights

Question 14

What is Militarism?

Answer 14

Building up an army

Question 15

What is Alliance?

Answer 15

a peace agreement of protection

Question 16

What is Imperialism?

Answer 16

Expanding your empire to gain control of other lands

Question 17

What is Nationalism?

Answer 17

Having a strong pride for your country

Question 18

What is a Diktat?

Answer 18

When a country is forced to be in peace

Question 19

What are Reparation?

Answer 19

Paying to make amends

Question 20

What is War Guilt?

Answer 20

Accepting blame for the war. Article 231

Question 21

What was the League of Nations?

Answer 21

an organisation whose principal mission was to mantain world peace
-W.W-> wanted a world parliament (representativies would meet up regurlarly) :)
-L.G-> wanted a simple organisation (would get together only on emergencies)
-G.C-> wanted a strong league with its own army

Question 22

What was the structure of the LofN?

Answer 22

The Council, The Assembly, Secretariat (The Permament Court of Justice and The International Labour Org (ILO)), Comissions (Refugees, Slavery, Health)

Question 23

What was The Council?

Answer 23

-4 permament leaders; Britain, Japan, Italy, France + veto
-meets up to 5 time a year to discuss major issues
-major decisions must be made unanimous

Question 24

What was The Assembly?

Answer 24

-42 member nations in 1919
-every member nation has one vote
-major decisions must be unanimous

Question 25

What was The International Labour Org. (ILO)?

Answer 25

It reflected the international peace could be accomplished only if it was based in social justice

Question 26

What was The Permament Court of Justice?

Answer 26

-Delt with international disputes between member nations -had no means of enforcing its decisions -15 judges elected by council + assembly

Question 27

What was the Refugee Comission?

Answer 27

Worked to get people whohad been homeless after WW1, back home

Question 28

What was the Slavery Comission?

Answer 28

Wanted to abolish slavery across the entire globe

Question 29

What was the Health Comission?

Answer 29

Sought to improve access to healthcare around the world

Question 30

What were the aims of the LofN?

Answer 30

To ensure security and international cooperation of all the countries

Question 31

What were some strengths of the LofN?

Answer 31

-Settling matters in a peaceful way -Council overthrow- intention of not using weapons -Commitment to better trading and financial dealings

Question 32

What were some weaknesses of the LofN?

Answer 32

-League couldn't force anyone to do anything- "discourage" -Contradictions; defense without army -Unanimous voting for decisions -Sanctions= stopping trading, USA only power that can enforce this

Question 33

What did the LofN do to achieve their aims?

Answer 33

-1925: they prevented a war between Greece and Bulgaria-> acted quickly and decisively calling a meeting of the league in Paris -Institutes developed vaccines and medicines to fight deadly diseases such as Leprosy and Malaria -Returned 400,000 aprox. soldiers to their homes (links to health comission) -1921: Aaland Island disputes between Finland and Sweeden

Question 34

What happened with the Aaland Disputes in 1921?

Answer 34

Finland and Sweeden threatened war over Aaland Islands but Sweeden accepted the League's ruling that the island should belong to Finland

Question 35

What did the LofN fail at with their aims?

Answer 35

-The Geneva Protocol -Countries were foced to disarm, Germany as an eg, which may have led them to cause the next world war, LofN didn't fully achieve their aims

Question 36

What was the Geneva Protocol?

Answer 36

1924: it was said that if there was a dispute between 2 members, the council woold decide on the outcomes -britain didn't sign the election which caused a separation in the league -the protocol failed since Britain didn't want to sign it

Question 37

What was Corfu?

Answer 37

1923: The league failed to stop Italy from invading Greek Island of Corfu even though Greece asked for help -it showed that powerful nations could still bully a less powerful neighbour (Greece was small, weak country with no powerful friends on the league)

Question 38

What was the Manchurian Crisis?

Answer 38

1931-33 Problem- Japan invaded Manchuria Response- after a long delay, no action was taken Effect- made the league seem weak and ineffective

Question 39

What was the disarmament conference?

Answer 39

1932-34 Problem- germany complained that only it had been disarmed Response- league could not get other members to disarm Effect- germany left the league and started to rearm themselves

Question 40

What was the Abassinian Crisis?

Answer 40

1935-36 Problem- italy invaded abyssinia Response- league could not agree to effective sanctions against Italy Effect- made the league seem powerless and irrelevant

Question 41

What was the Economic Depression?

Answer 41

The Wall Street Crash: caused an economic collapse -the battle with the economic problems caused many problems for the league