history Flashcards
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Ancient civilazation
civil(adj)
1.[only before noun] connected with the people who live in a country
civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people within a country)
civil strife/conflict
There were concerns that the economic reforms might lead to civil unrest.
2.[only before noun] connected with the state rather than with religion or with the armed forces
the recognition of civil unions for same-sex couples
They were married in a civil ceremony.
civil aviation
We have called in the army to assist the civil authorities in rescue operations.
3.[only before noun] involving personal legal matters and not criminal law
a civil court
4.polite in a formal way but possibly not friendly uncivil
The less time I have to spend being civil to him the better!
civilize
1.to educate and improve a person or a society; to make somebody’s behaviour or manners better
The girls in a class tend to have a civilizing influence on the boys.
civilization
1.a state of human society that is very developed and organized
the technology of modern civilization
The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilization.
2.a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world
the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome
diseases that are common in Western civilization
3.all the people in the world and the societies they live in, considered as a whole
Environmental damage threatens the whole of civilization.
Could this be the end of civilization as we know it?
nền văn minh
civility /səˈvɪləti
1.[uncountable] polite behaviour
Staff members are trained to treat customers with civility at all times.
2.remarks that are said only in order to be polite
She didn’t waste time on civilities.
civilian /səˈvɪliən/ (adj,n)
1.a person who is not a member of the armed forces or the police
Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in the explosion.
Hundreds of innocent civilians have died in the air strikes.
Further measures are needed to protect civilians.
The group was accused of targeting civilians.
thường dân
primitive times
/ˈprɪmətɪv/
thời nguyên thủy,nguyên sơ
Resemble to the present time
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ (v) resemblance=likeness
1.resemble somebody/something to look like or be similar to another person or thing
She closely resembles her sister.
So many hotels resemble each other.
The plant resembles grass in appearance.
giống hiện tại
Differ from place to place
khác nơi này đến nơi khác
Have a tendency to look back
có xu hướng hồi tưởng
Sacrifice one’s lives for something
hy sinh cuộc sống cho
Become more aware about future
có ý thức hơn vê tg lai
past event
sự kiện lịch sử
delve
1.+ adv./prep. to reach inside a bag, container, etc. to search for something
SYNONYM dig
She delved in her handbag for a pen.
delve into
1.to try hard to find out more information about something
She had started to delve into her father’s distant past.
We must delve back into history to find the reason.
to delve into the history
đào sâu về
historical highlight
điểm nổi bật trong lịch sử
antique /ænˈtiːk/(adj,n)
1.(of furniture, jewellery, etc.) old and often valuable
an antique mahogany desk
cổ quý
atrocity /əˈtrɒsəti/
1.a cruel and violent act, especially in a war
In the war, both sides committed atrocities.
sự tàn bạo
avert(v) /əˈvɜːt/
formal
1.avert something to prevent something bad or dangerous from happening
A disaster was narrowly averted.
He did his best to avert suspicion.
Talks are taking place in an attempt to avert a strike.
He managed to avert the closure of the factory.
2.avert your eyes/gaze/face (from something) to turn your eyes, etc. away from something that you do not want to see
She averted her eyes from the terrible scene in front of her.
đẩy lùi
bring peace to nation
mang lại hòa bình
Call for a ceasefire:a time when enemies agree to stop fighting, usually while a way is found to end the fighting permanently
SYNONYM truce
a call for an immediate ceasefire
a permanent/a temporary/an interim ceasefire
Observers have reported serious violations of the ceasefire.
truce
1/an agreement between enemies or opponents to stop fighting for an agreed period of time; the period of time that this lasts
to call/break a truce
kêu gọi ngừng bắn
Collateral damage /kəˈlætərəl/
1.connected with something else, but in addition to it and less important
collateral benefits
tổn thất ngoài dự kiến
decisive battle
1.ery important for the final result of a particular situation
a decisive factor/victory/battle
Climate was a decisive factor in establishing where the tournament should be held.
She has played a decisive role in the peace negotiations.
a decisive step (= an important action that will change a situation) towards a cleaner environment
2.able to decide something quickly and with confidence
decisive management
The government must take decisive action on gun control.
OPPOSITE indecisive
Deploy troops
deploy deployment
1.deploy somebody/something to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action
2 000 troops were deployed in the area.
At least 5 000 missiles were deployed along the border.
Tanks were deployed effectively during the long campaign.
2.deploy something (formal) to use something effectively
to deploy arguments/resources
She rejected the arguments that had been deployed against he
troop(adj,v,n)
1.connected with soldiers, especially in large groups
troop movements
2. soldiers, especially in large groups
They announced the withdrawal of 12 000 troops from the area.
The president decided to send in the troops.
Russian troops
3. to walk somewhere together as a group
After lunch we all trooped down to the beach.
As the players trooped off the field, someone threw a bottle from the crowd.
The girls trooped in for dinner.
dàn quân,tiến quân
gueririlla /ɡəˈrɪlə/ (adj,n)
1.a member of a small group of soldiers who are not part of an official army and who fight against official soldiers, usually to try to change the government
urban guerrillas (= those who fight in towns)
guerrilla war/warfare (= fought by guerrillas on one or both sides)
a guerrilla comment
1.organized in an informal way and without official permission or approval
Guerrilla actors took to the streets in army fatigues to protest against the war.
guerrilla marketing (= marketing that uses unusual methods in order to achieve the greatest effect for the smallest amount of money)
guerrilla gardening (= growing plants on land that you do not own to make it more attractive)
du kích
insurgent(adj,n) insurgency 1./ɪnˈsɜːdʒənt/ /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/ (formal) fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country SYNONYM rebellious insurgent groups/attacks
rebel(n) /rɪˈbel/
1.rebel (against somebody/something) to fight against or refuse to obey an authority, for example a government, a system, your parents, etc.
He later rebelled against his strict religious upbringing.
Most teenagers find something to rebel against.
In 1215 the barons rebelled against the king.
The colonies rebelled and declared their independence.
rebelious /rɪˈbeljəs/
1.unwilling to obey rules or follow generally accepted standards of behaviour, dress, etc.
rebellious teenagers
He has always had a rebellious streak.
2.opposed to the government of a country; opposed to those in authority within an organization
rebellious cities/factions
Rebellious MPs are threatening to vote against the government.
rebelion(n)
1.an attempt by some of the people in a country to change their government, using violence
SYNONYM uprising revolt /rɪˈvəʊlt/ =vũ lực
in rebellion (against somebody/something) The north of the country rose in rebellion against the government.
The army put down the rebellion.
2.opposition to authority within an organization, a political party, etc.
in rebellion (against something) Some members are in rebellion against proposed cuts in spending.
The prime minister faces a rebellion from junior members of her party.
khởi nghĩa
kindle(v)
1. to start burning; to make a fire start burning
We watched as the fire slowly kindled.
kindle something to kindle a fire/flame
2.kindle (something) to make something such as an interest, emotion, etc. start to grow in somebody; to start to be felt by somebody
It was her teacher who kindled her interest in music.
Suspicion kindled within her.
She felt a warmth of pride kindle in her.
châm ngòi,giật dây
border
1.the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this line
I live in a small town in the US, near the Canadian border.
Thousands of people cross the border every day.
They took steps to secure the border.
to seal/close the border
border between A and B They spent a week in a national park on the border between Kenya and Tanzania.
(figurative) It is difficult to define the border between love and friendship.
border with something The treaty fixed Denmark’s new border with Germany.
across the border They fled across the border.
over the border They live just over the border.
on the border The incident happened on Nevada’s northern border.
at the border They were stopped at the border.
along the border There are tensions all along the border.
border crossings
border patrols/security/guards
biên giới