Illness Flashcards
(44 cards)
Becoming ill
catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(British English) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug
get (British English) ill/(North American English) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(British English) flu/a migraine
come down with a cold/the flu/(British English) flu
contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS
be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV
develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis
have a heart attack/a stroke
provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction
block/burst/rupture a blood vessel
damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon
infection
1.the act or process of causing or getting a disease
to cause/prevent infection
Vaccination is essential to protect people exposed to hepatitis B infection.
The drugs slow down the progression of HIV infection.
Bacterial infection of the wound may occur.
to increase the risk of infection
The rate of infection is highest in the north-west of the country.
infection by something Birds are susceptible to infection by the virus.
infection with something Infection with malaria parasites may result in a wide variety of symptoms.
2.an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body
an ear/a chest infection
a urinary tract/respiratory infection
a viral/bacterial infection
a media campaign to raise awareness about sexually transmitted infections
to cause an infection
Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an infection.
infection of something a fungal infection of the skin
infected
1.affected by harmful bacteria, a virus, etc.
The wound from the dog bite had become infected.
an infected water supply
patients who are infected with this virus
infectious
1.an infectious disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through air or water
Flu is highly infectious.
2. if a person or an animal is infectious, they have a disease that can be spread to others
I’m still infectious.
pneumonia /njuːˈməʊniə/
1.a serious illness affecting one or both lungs that makes breathing difficult
She died from bronchial pneumonia.
viêm phổi
migraine /ˈmaɪɡreɪn/, /ˈmiːɡreɪn/ 1.a very severe type of headache that often makes a person feel sick and have difficulty in seeing severe migraine I'm getting a migraine. I forgot to take my migraine medication.
đau nửa đầu
come down with something
[no passive] to get an illness that is not very serious
I think I’m coming down with flu.
contract something (formal or medical) to get an illness to contract a virus/a disease/measles
diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ 1.a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the amount of sugar in the blood diabetic /ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk/ 1.having or connected with diabetes 2.a person who has diabetes
đái tháo đường
rash
1.an area of red spots on a person’s skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to something
I woke up covered in a rash.
I come out in a rash (= a rash appears on my skin) if I eat chocolate.
The sun brought her out in (= caused) an itchy rash.
a heat rash (= caused by heat)
2.rash (of something) a lot of something; a series of unpleasant things that happen over a short period of time
SYNONYM spate
a rash of movies about life in prison
Rising prices are the result of the recent rash of strikes in the steel industry.
There has been a rash of burglaries in the area over the last month.
spate of something a large number of things, which are usually unpleasant, that happen suddenly within a short period of time
The bombing was the latest in a spate of terrorist attacks.
a recent spate of killings/thefts
phát ban
ulcer
1.a painful area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body that may bleed or produce a poisonous substance
a stomach ulcer
There is a family history of gastric ulcer disease.
ulcerate ulceration
1.ulcerate (something) to become, or make something become, covered with ulcers
hepatitis /ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs/
1.a serious disease of the liver. There are three main forms: hepatitis A, the least serious, caused by infected food (= containing harmful bacteria), and hepatitis B and hepatitis C, both very serious and caused by infected blood.
Have you had your hepatitis B vaccination?
viêm gan
acute /əˈkjuːt/
1.very serious or severe
There is an acute shortage of water.
acute pain
the world’s acute environmental problems
Competition for jobs is acute.
The scandal was an acute embarrassment for the President.
He was suffering from acute chest pains.
2.an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous
acute appendicitis
3.intelligent and quick to notice and understand things
He is an acute observer of the social scene.
Her judgement is acute.
4.[usually before noun] (geometry) (of an angle) less than 90°
obtuse /əbˈtjuːs/
1.(formal, disapproving) slow or unwilling to understand something
Are you being deliberately obtuse?
Perhaps I’m being obtuse, but what has all this got to do with me?
He was either completely ignorant or being wilfully obtuse.
She was the most obtuse person I’d ever met.
2.[usually before noun] (geometry) (of an angle) between 90° and 180°
chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/
1.(of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure
chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma
OPPOSITE acute
2.having had a disease for a long time
a chronic alcoholic/depressive
3.(of a problem) lasting a long time; difficult to solve
the country’s chronic unemployment problem
a chronic shortage of housing in rural areas
stroke(n)
1. an act of hitting a ball, for example with a bat or racket
What a beautiful stroke!
He won by two strokes (= in golf, by taking two fewer strokes than his opponent).
He played some powerful backhand strokes throughout the game.
2.] stroke (of something) a single successful action or event
Your idea was a stroke of genius.
It was a stroke of luck that I found you here.
It was a bold stroke to reveal the identity of the murderer on the first page.
She never does a stroke (of work) (= never does any work).
I had a sudden stroke of inspiration.
3.a sudden serious illness when a blood vessel (= tube) in the brain bursts (= breaks open) or is blocked, which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly
4. any of a series of repeated movements in swimming or rowing
She took a few more strokes to reach the bank.
He swam with long powerful strokes.
5.a style of swimming
Butterfly is the only stroke I can’t do.
- to move your hand gently and slowly over an animal’s fur or hair
He’s a beautiful dog. Can I stroke him?
She stroked the cat absently.
2.stroke something/somebody (+ adv./prep.) to move your hand gently over a surface, somebody’s hair, etc.
He stroked her hair affectionately.
He stroked his beard thoughtfully.
He stroked back his hair. - to move something somewhere with a gentle movement
She stroked away his tears.
He stroked the ball between the posts.
trigger
1.trigger something (off) to make something happen suddenly
SYNONYM set off
Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction.
The incident triggered protests across the country.
2.trigger something to cause a device to start functioning
to trigger an alarm
3.to make somebody feel very upset or anxious by reminding them of a trauma or bad experience
Sometimes, the slightest things trigger me because they remind me of my mum.
block
1. to stop something from moving or flowing through a pipe, a passage, a road, etc. by putting something in it or across it
After today’s heavy snow, many roads are still blocked.
a blocked sink
A truck had overturned and was completely blocking traffic.
2. to stop somebody from going somewhere or seeing something by standing in front of them or in their way
One of the guards moved to block her path.
An ugly new building blocked the view from the window.
His way was blocked by two large bouncers.
She had her back to the door, blocking his exit.
3.to prevent something from happening, developing or making progress
The proposed merger has been blocked by the government.
Firewalls can block unauthorized access to a computer.
burst
1.] to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make something break in this way
That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.
The dam burst under the weight of water.
Shells were bursting (= exploding) all around us.
(figurative) He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
burst apart There was a danger that the engine would burst apart.
burst something Don’t burst that balloon!
The river burst its banks and flooded nearby towns.
2. + adv./prep. to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly
He burst into the room without knocking.
Suddenly the door flew open and Jo burst in.
The sun burst through the clouds.
The words burst from her in an angry rush.
I felt as though my heart would burst out of my chest.
3. be bursting (with something) to be very full of something; to be very full and almost breaking open
The roads are bursting with cars.
to be bursting with ideas/enthusiasm/pride
The hall was filled to bursting point.
The hall was full to bursting.
(informal) I’m bursting (for a pee)! (= I need to use the toilet right now).
1.a short period of a particular activity or strong emotion that often starts suddenly
a sudden burst of activity/energy/laughter
in bursts I tend to work in bursts.
Her breath was coming in short bursts.
There was a spontaneous burst of applause.
2.a short series of shots from a gun
*be bursting/bulging at the seams
(informal) to be very full, especially of people
Los Angeles is bursting at the seams with would-be actors.
The film is bursting at the seams with good performances.
*be bursting to do something
to want to do something so much that you can hardly stop yourself
She was bursting to tell him the good news.
*the bubble bursts
there is a sudden end to a good or lucky situation
When the bubble finally burst, hundreds of people lost their jobs.
The optimistic bubble has now burst and economists agree the recession will continue.
burst somebody’s bubble
to bring an end to somebody’s hopes, happiness, etc.
He seemed so happy, I couldn’t burst his bubble so soon.
burst open | burst something open
to open suddenly or violently; to make something open in this way
The door burst open.
Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them.
rupture
1.(medical) to burst or break apart something inside the body; to be broken or burst apart
a ruptured appendix
He ruptured himself (= got a hernia) trying to lift the piano.
Barnes played his first game since rupturing an Achilles tendon five months ago.
artery
1.any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body
vein /veɪn/
1. any of the tubes that carry blood from all parts of the body towards the heart
Being ill
feel (British English) ill/nauseous/queasy
be running (British English) a temperature/(North American English) a fever
have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(British English) a high temperature/(North American English) a fever
suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/nausea/bouts of depression/post-traumatic stress disorder
be laid up with/ (British English) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(British English) flu/a migraine
nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover
battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism
nauseous /ˈnɔːziəs/ =queasy /ˈkwiːzi/ (adj)
/ˈnɔːʃəs/
1.making you feel,feeling as if you want to vomit
vomit /ˈvɒmɪt/
1.to bring food from the stomach back out through the mouth
malnutrtion /ˌmælnjuˈtrɪʃn/
1.a poor condition of health caused by a lack of food or a lack of the right type of food
nuitrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/
1.the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy
advice on diet and nutrition
to study food science and nutrition
Nutrition information is now provided on the back of most food products.
2.food that is needed to grow and be healthy
SYNONYM nourishment
A feeding tube gives her nutrition and water.
nausea /ˈnɔːziə/
1.the feeling that you have when you want to vomit, for example because you are sick or are shocked or frightened by something
A wave of nausea swept over her.
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms.
bout(n)
1.a short period of great activity; a short period during which there is a lot of a particular thing, usually something unpleasant
They had been fighting after a drinking bout.
bout of something/of doing something the latest bout of inflation
There has been a severe bout of inflation over recent months.
Regular exercise is better than occasional bouts of strenuous activity.
2.bout (of something) an attack or period of illness
a severe bout of flu/coughing
He suffered occasional bouts of depression.
bout (with something) (North American English) a bout with the flu
disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə(r)/
1. a condition or illness that causes problems with the way part of the body or brain works
a blood/bowel disorder
He was diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
This is a rare disorder of the liver.
help for people with alcohol use disorder
2. an untidy state; a lack of order or organization
The room was in a state of disorder.
in (…) disorder His financial affairs were in complete disorder.
Everyone began shouting at once and the meeting broke up in disorder.
3. (formal) violent behaviour of large groups of people
an outbreak of rioting and public disorder
Twenty people were arrested after a night of civil disorder.
traumatic /trɔːˈmætɪk/
/trəˈmætɪk/
1.extremely unpleasant and causing you to feel upset and/or anxious
a traumatic experience
Divorce can be traumatic for everyone involved.
a traumatic childhood
2.) connected with or caused by trauma
traumatize
1.to shock and upset somebody very much, often making them unable to think normally or continue with their normal life
He was so traumatized by the attack that he could not work for a year.
We were traumatized by what we saw.
