HIstory Flashcards
1
Q
early nickname of the Marines
A
“Leathernecks”. b/c of the neckpiece that was part of the MC uniform between 1775-1875 that protected the jugular vein from sabre slashes and keeps the head erect to maintain military bearing
-commemorated by the standing collar on the dress uniforms
2
Q
“Devil Dogs”
A
nickname given during the Belleau Wood (1918). germans named them “firece fighghting dogs of legendary orgin”
3
Q
battle where the Marines earned the nickname “Devil Dogs”
A
Battle of Belleau Wood (1918)
4
Q
espirit de corps
A
loyalty, pride, and enthusism for the unit shown by its members.
morale = individual
espirit de corps = unit spirity
5
Q
difference between morale and espirit de corps
A
morale - individual attidue
espirit de corps: unit
6
Q
characteristics of espirit de corps
A
unit cohesion
group solidarity
devotion/loyalty to the unit, all for which it stands, deep regard for hte unit’s history, traditions, honors
will to fight and win
military virtues: unselfishness, self-discipline, duty, honor, patriotism, courage
7
Q
indications of espirit de corps
A
- expressions on an individual level that show enthusism/pride for their unit
- good reputation among other units
- strong competitive spirity
- wiling participation in team events
- pride in hx/tyraidtiions of hte unit
8
Q
“uncommon valor was a common virtue”
A
Admiral Nimitz speaking about the Marines fighting at Iwo Jima (largest all-Marine battle in hx)
9
Q
largest all Marine battle in history
A
Iwo Jima
10
Q
battle when “uncommon valor was a common virtue”
A
Iwo Jima by ADM Nimitz
11
Q
“First to Fight”
A
Marines have been in every fight and even were in the revolution before the Declaration of Independence was signed
12
Q
motto of Marines
A
Semper Fidelis = always faithful (1883)
13
Q
meaning of semper fidelis
A
always faithful
14
Q
year the Marine Corps was created
A
10 Nov 1775 in philidelphia at Tun Tavern
15
Q
first Commodant of the Marine Corps
A
Captain Samuel Nicholas - n
16
Q
first battle by the Marines
A
- Revoluntionary war
New Providence Island, Bahamas
to seize guns and supplies
17
Q
year the Marine Corp became a separate military service
A
1798
18
Q
“shores of triopoli
A
1805j. Barbary pirates at Derna.
first time the Marines raised starts and stripes in the eastern hemisphere
19
Q
“Halls of Montezuma”
A
1847: Battle of Chapeultepec in Mexico City. royal palace fell to the Marines
20
Q
year of Harper’s Ferry
A
1859
21
Q
lead the Harper’s Ferry against abolitionists
A
Robert E Lee
Marines & ARmy
22
Q
year the emblem of the Marine Corp was used
A
1868
23
Q
purpose of the eagle on the Marine Corp emblem
A
globe/anchor reflects worlwide service and sea tradition
spread eagle - nation itself
24
Q
3 things on the Marine Corp emblem
A
spread eagle
globe
anchor
25
year the Marine Corp official motto was created
26
year the Marine Corp official motto was created
1883
"Semper Fidelis"
latin for always faithful
27
motto of the Marine Corp
Semper Fidelis
"Always Faithful"
28
Marines in 1900
defended the American Legation in Peking, CHina during the Boxer Rebellion
-part of a multinational defense force that protected the Legation Quarteer against attack
-small defense force held out against hte Boxers until a relief force was able to reach Peking and end the rebellion
29
Marines in 1901
"Banana Wars": Marines helped out with insurrection put downs & protected Americans/interests in Caribbean
30
year the Marines established their avaiation unit
1913
31
first Marine pilot
Major Alfred A Cunningham. (1913)
32
Alfred A. Cunningham
first Marine pilot. 1913
33
decoration won by Marines in WW1 that the modern day units still wear
1917 French Fourragere
34
French Fourragere
1917: distinction won by today's members of the 5th and 6th Marines. won b/c distinction in France in WWI
35
year the Marines were reorganized into FMF
Fleet Marine FOrce. 1933
36
big contribution the Marines made in WW2
Island Hopping in the Pacific was mostly the Marines
37
strength of Marines during WWII
500K
38
first time the Marines flew helicopters in battle
19150: Inchon. Korean War
39
what did the Marines do in the Korean War
1950
part of hte amphibious landing over the seawall at Inchon
Marine aviators flew helicopters for hte first time in battle
40
year the Marines evacuated US citizens in the Caribbean
1965: Dominican REpublic
41
why were Marines deployed to Lebanon
1982: as part of a multinational peacekeeping force in order to retore peace and order to the war torn com
42
suicide attack on Lebanon
23 Oct 1983. suicide truck bomb
killed 241
injured 70
43
MOI during the Beiruit incident
23 Oct 1983. suicide truck bomb
44
how many died in the Marine Corp bombing
241 Americans in 1983 in Beiruit
45
how many were injured during the Marine Corp bombing
1983. Beiruit. 70 wounded
46
operation in Grenada
Operation Urgent Fury
47
Operation Urgent Fury
Grenada in 1983
48
Marine Corp in 1983
Beiruit truck bomb
Grenada Operation Urgent Furty
49
year of Operation Urgent Fury
Grenada (Caribbean) in 1983
50
Operation Just Cause
1989
oust General Manuel Noriega from Panama
51
where was Noriega from
1989. General Manuel Noriega ousted from Panama
52
legal action against General Manuel Noriega
Panama dictator
drug trafficking & racketeering. sent to US for trial
53
overthrew Manuel Noriega
Panama
Operation Just Cause
1989
54
Operation Just Cause & Urgent Fury
Just Cause: 1983
Urgent Fury: panama/1989
55
Operation Desert Shield
1990. Kuwait
designed to hold the advance of Iraqi forces and to position multinational forces for possible offense
56
Operation Desert Storm/SHield
Storm: 1990. Kuwait. to hold off Iraqi invasion
shield: 1991. launched b/c Iraqui government refused to comply w/UN resolutions
57
MPF
Marine Prepositioning Force
58
MAGTF
Marine Air Ground Task Force
59
GWOT
global war on terrorism
60
official name for the war in Afghanistan
Operation Enduring Freedom
61
Operation Enduring Freedom
2001. October 7, 2001
62
first day of Operation Enduring Freedom
07 Oct 200q. US/British/submarines launched.
63
F __ aircraft examples
F-14 Tomcat
F/A-18 Hornet
64
F-14
TOmcat
65
aka Tomcat
F-14 Tomcat
66
aka Hornet
F/A-18
67
GWOT =
Operation Enduring Freedom = war in Afghanistan
plus three smaller action
68
year of the Iraq Invasion
2002
69
initial invasion of Iraq
March 20 - May 01 2002
70
which countries assisted in the 2001 invasion of Iraq
US
UK
Australia
Poland
71
aka First Battle of Fallujah
2004
unsuccessful
72
resolution of the First battle of Fallujah
2003. Operation Vigilian REsolve
73
Operation Vigilant Resolve
unsuccessful First Battle of Fallujah attempt to capture Fallujah in 2004
74
year of the first battle of Fallujah
2004. unsuccessful. Operation Vigilant Resolve
75
Operation Al-Fajr
Second Battle of Fallujah. 2004
arabic for "
the dawn"
76
Operation Al-Fajr
= Second battle of Fallujah 2004
77
Operation Phantom Fury
2004. Second Battle of Fallujah
78
year of the Battles of Fallujah
2004
79
operations that form the Battles of Fallujah
first battle of Fallujah = Operation Vigilant REsolve. unsuccessful didn't take city
second battle of Fallujah: Operation Al-Fajr, Operation Phantom Fury
80
operations w/ "fury" in their title
Operation Urgent Fury: Grenada in 1983
Operation Phantom Fury: 2004. Second battle of Fallujah
81
who authorized the Second Battle of Fallujah
authorized by the US-appointed Iraqi Interim governmebt
82
first Marines to hoist the American flag overseas
Marines under Presley O'Bannon. Battle of Derna (Tripoli)
83
sword worn by Marines
"Mameluke". given to Presley O'Bannon in 1805
84
Archibald Henderson
first 1/2 of 1800s
"Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps"
commodant in 1820. commanded for 39 years
85
John H Quickq
at Cuzco Well (Gitmo). participated in an operation to seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines
medal of honor for semaphoning for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish/Merican shellfire
86
Daniel Daly
2 Medals of Honor (CHinese Boxer REbellion, First Caco War in Haiti"
@ Battle of Belleau Wood "Come on you SOB, do you want to live forever"
87
"COme on, you SOB, do you want to live forever"
Daniel Daly
88
Smedley D. Butler
2 MEdal of Honor
Veracrus, First Caco War in Haiti
89
Marines who have won 2 Medals of Honor
Daniel Daly (Boxer Rebellion & First Caco War in Haiti)
Smedley D. Butler (First Caco war in Haiti"
90
first Marine officer to command an army division in combat
John Lejeune
91
John Lejeune
13th Commodant (1920-29)
France WWI (1918)
92
first Marine fo command an army divsion in combat
Lejeune
93
nickname of Lewis B. Puller
"Chest"
94
Lewis P. "Chesty" PUller
served in Nicargua.
95
mascot of the Marine Corp
"Chesty". an english bulldog. named after Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller
96
"Tiger of the Mountains"
Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller.
97
English bulldog
Marine Corp mascot "Chesty" is an English Bulldog named after Lewis B "CHesty" PUller
98
Joseph L. Floss
Marine pilot. at Guadalacanal
by end of WWII, he was a Marine Ace (26)
99
pilot takes down another plane
a "kill" = ace
100
example of an ace
Joseph L. Foss. 26. WWII
101
Gregory R "Pappy" Boyington
aerial dogfights
28 kills (ace")
VMH-214 "Black Sheep". WWII
102
examples of WWII aces
"Pappy" Boyington = 28
Foss = 26
103
who did "Pappy" Boyington command
"Black Sheep" VMH-214
104
famous marine corp flag raising
Mount Suribachi
105
Mount Suribachi
Iwo JIma flag
106
where was the famous picture of Marines raising flag taken
Mount Suribachi. Iwo Jima
107
first woman in Marine Corps
Opha Me Johnson
108
nick name of early female Marines
"skirt Marines"
Marinettes
109
year of the Marine Corps 1st enlisted woman
Opha Mae Johnson. private (enlisted" 1918
110
first Marine Corp female general officer
Brigidier General Margaret BRewer. 1978
111
Margaret A. Brewer
first woman general. Marine. 1978
112
monument that honors female Marines
Molly Marine. in New Orleans. 1943. in New Orleans and is modeled after Joan of Arc (b/c she was of Orleans in France"
113
Battle of Bladensburg
1814: <500 Marines & sailors tried to block 4K disciplined British troops from advancing on Washington
114
1814 Marines
500 Marines/sailors tried to block 4K BRitish from advancing on Washington
115
500 Marines/Sailors tried to stop 4K British from advancing on Washington
Battles of Bladensburg 1814
116
losses at the Battle of New ORleans
Jackson. 1815
US lost <100. BRitish lost 2K
117
general at Battle of New Orleans
1815: andrew jackson
118
Battle of Belleau Wood
Belleau Wood. forward. forest.
German called them Devil Dogs
119
origin of Devil Dogs
Battle of Belleau Wood. Marines named by the Germans b/c fierce fighters
120
why was the Battle of Belleau Wood fought
forest b/c Germans tried to march on Paris
121
year of the Battle of Wake Island
1941
122
first island in Island Hopping
Gilbert Island.
123
problem at the Battle of Tarawa
heavily fortified. Japanese said that it would take 1 million Americans 100yrs to conquor it. Marines got it in 72 hrs
124
how quickly did the Americans win the Battle of Tarawa
secured the island in 76 hours. but extended reef meat that they couldn't cross easily w/landing craft. so they were offloaded 100s of yards from the beach. meant that heavy losses from enemy fire & drowning.
125
Battle of the Mariana Islands
Marines invaded b/c we needed airfields & bases in the Pacific for Air Force & Navy.
landed at Sapian, Guam, TInian
126
year of the Battle of Mariana Island
1943
127
year of the Battle of Bougainville
1943
128
purpose of the Battle of Bougainville
1943. key to neutralizing Rabaul (Jap air power hub)
129
largest Marine Corp battle in hx
Battle of Iwo Jima
130
Battle of Iwo Jima
1945
bloodiest & largest all-Marine COrp battle.
23K casualties
131
largest all Marine battle in hx
Battle of Iwo Jima BUT heavy casualties (23K)
132
"uncommon valor was a common virtue"
Adm Nimitz post Battle of Iwo Jima
133
famous quote post Battle of Iwo Jima
uncommon valor was a common virtue = Nimitz
134
last large action of WWII
Battle of Okinawa 1945
135
Battle of Okinawa
April 1945. last large ation of WWII
136
commanded the landing at Inchon
1950. Major General Oliver P. Smith
137
Landing at Inchon date
September - Oct 1950
138
Oliver P. Smith
Sep - Oct 1950.
led the UN force and amphin invasion surprizze.
139
what happened at the Incheon
Sep - Oct 1950: first major UN force strike in N. Korean territory and surpirse amphibious assault
140
year of the Battle of Chosin REservoir
1950. Marines cut off after CHinese COmmunists forces entered the war.
141
significance of Battle of Chosin Reservoir
1950: Marines were cut off from going further into N. Korea. BUT despite the retrograde movement, the Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacued casualties, maintained tactical integrity
142
Battle of Hue City
Tet Offense. 1968
143
how was the Battle of Hue City fought
Vietnamese Tet holiday 1968
house to house w/progress measured in Yards
144
first large scale battle in Op Iraqi Freedom
2003. Nasiriya, Iraw
first large scale battle fought by Marines in OPeration Iraqi Freedom
145
OIF
operation iraqui freedom
146
first large scale battle by Marines in OIF
Battle of An-Nasiriya. 2003
147
first female POW rescued
Private Jessica Lynch
148
Jessica Lynch
On March 23, 2003, she was serving as a unit supply specialist with the 507th Maintenance Company when her convoy was ambushed by Iraqi troops during the Battle of Nasiriyah; Lynch was seriously injured during the offensive and captured by Iraqi soldiers shortly afterwards. Her subsequent recovery by U.S. special operations forces on April 1, 2003, received considerable media coverage as it was the first successful rescue of an American prisoner of war since World War II and the first ever of a woman.
Initial official reports on Lynch's capture and rescue in Iraq were incorrect. On April 24, 2007, she testified in front of United States Congress that she had never fired her weapon (her M16 rifle reportedly having jammed), and that she had been knocked unconscious when her vehicle crashed during the ambush.[1] Lynch has been outspoken in her criticism of the original stories that were reported regarding her combat experience. When asked about her heroine status, she stated: "That wasn't me. I'm not about to take credit for something I didn't do... I'm just a survivor."[2]
149
battle Jessica Lynch was in
supply officer. Battle of An-Nasiriya 2003
150
Montford Point Marines
1942 - 1949. Black Marines. training
at Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
151
when were the Navajo Code Talkers recruited
1941-42
152
how many Indian tribes were represented by the Code Talkers
16 tribes. not justi Navajo
153
importance of the Code Talkers
on battlefield, being able to keep messages secret could make the difference between winning/losing - and how many lives are saved/lost
154
where did the Navajo serve in WWII
Pacific
155
where did the Hopi serve in WWII
Pacific
156
which indians fought in the Pacific
Navajo & Hopi
157
which indicans fought germans
Comache
158
which indians fought in NOrth Africa
Meskwakis
159
overall outcome of the work by Navajo code talkers
saved lives & helped the US win multiple victories
160
first female Marine
Opha May Johnson in 1918
161
first female enlisted/officer
1918: Opha May Johnson
1943: Anne Lentz
162
end of WWII name
V-J day 1945
163
first black Marines
1949: Katherine Twowl
164
first Marine Corp female to receive the Combat Action Ribbon
1965
165
first female Marine Corp general
1978: Margaret BRewer
166
first female midshipmen to commission into Marine Corp from the Naval Academy
1980
167
first time a woman led a rifle plattoon
1982
168
first female drill instructor
1992
169
first year females could fly combat aircraft
1993
170
first female 3 star
1996: Mutter
171
Marine Corp first female F-35 pilot
10`9
172
emblem of Marine Corp
eagle, globe, anchor
"Globe &* Anchor"
173
meaning of anchor on marine corp emblem
maritime tradition & homage to link to navy
174
what does the scroll held by the eagle on the marine corp emblem say
"Semper Fidelis"
175
purpose of red strip on Marine Corp uniform
first in 1798. mostly b/c that was the fashion at the time
176
top of Marine Officer barracks cover
quatrefoil: interwove braid in the cross of figure 8
on cap so ship riggers could look down and tell who was a marine
177
cross on top of Marine Corp covers
quatrefoil. lets you see from above that they are a marine
178
Fourragere
braided rope that goves around the left shoulder w/left arm through the loop given by the French Ministry of War to those who served with the 5-6th Marine REgiments
