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xmas 2022 > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

Name two types of sources of Evidence

A

primary and secondary source

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2
Q

what is history

A

the study of the past

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3
Q

what is a source

A

A source is something that gives us information about a person place or thing in the past

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4
Q

what is prehistory

A

the period of time before writing was used

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5
Q

what is Archaeology

A

is the study of the remains left by people in the past

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6
Q

what is historical consciousness

A

being able to place ourselves in past human experience linking the past the present and the future

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7
Q

what is historian

A

is someone who is an expert in or a student of history

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8
Q

what is archaeologist

A

investigates places and objects left by people in the past including the time before written records were kept

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9
Q

what is cross-checking

A

is more than one source is used to make sure the information is correct

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10
Q

what is archive

A

is a place where catalogues and stores a collection of written and other sources

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11
Q

what is a museum

A

is a place that collects and displays object

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12
Q

what is a primary source

A

is a source from the time of the event; a first-hand account of what happened.

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13
Q

what is a secondary source

A

is a source from a later date after the time of the event

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14
Q

what is an artefact

A

is any human-made object eg pottery tool or weapon such as a spear

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15
Q

what is an autobiography?

A

is an account of a person’s life written by the person themselves

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16
Q

a biography

A

is an account of a person’s life written by someone else

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17
Q

what is the difference between history and prehistory

A

history is the period of time when we had writing and prehistory is the period of time before writing

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18
Q

what is a census

A

the census is a survey of the population

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19
Q

what is a handling box?

A

contains replicas copies of artefacts so that anyone can examine them without damaging an original.

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20
Q

what is accuracy

A

judging how accurate/correct the information you are using is

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21
Q

what is a bias

A

when an account is not balanced but unfairly favours one side

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22
Q

what is an exaggeration

A

when something is represented as better or worse than it actually was

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23
Q

what is a propaganda

A

information that has been designed to influence the attitudes of the general public.

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24
Q

tactile source

A

one that can be touched -a physical object like an arefact

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25
chronology
put events into the sequence in which they happened
26
reinterpretation
see something in a new or different light
27
plagiarism
passing someone else's work or ideas off as your own without citing the real source
28
cite
to refer to evidence you have gathered or read
29
bronze age
the period when people made tools and weapons using bronze
30
excavation
is to dig
31
aerial photograph
a photo from an elevated position eg from a drone or helicopter.
32
test trench
is a hole dug to see if it is worth excavating the whole site?
33
topsoil
the topmost recent layer of soil
34
radiocarbon dating
the older the thing is the less carbon 14 it contains
35
hunter-gatherers
hunter animals and gathered berries and nuts
36
passage tomb
a narrow passage with one or more burial chambers made of large stones and covered in earth or stone
37
geophysical survey
is like an x-ray of the ground
38
neolithic
of the new stone age
39
corbelled roof
a domed roof built by overlapping stone until they meet at the top
40
pollen analysis
the study of pollen remains to find out what was growing at a site during a particular time period.
41
stratigraphy
to date artefacts and evidence by how deep in the ground they were when found.
42
dendrochronology
a method of dating that uses the unique growth patterns of tree rings as a guide
43
iron age
when people made tools out of iron
44
conservation
when historic objects are protected and preserved so that they do not decay
45
nomadic
they regularly moved from place to place.
46
grave goods
buried them with axes and other valuable items
47
wattle and daub
wooden sticks are woven together like a basket of wattle and covered with a mixture of mud sand and straw
48
smelting
melting metal at a high temperature to separate it from the ore
49
pagan
someone who worships various often with a focus on nature or the earth
50
Druids
were spiritual figures similar to priests in pre-Christian Celtic Ireland.
51
beehive hut
was a small stone hut shaped like a beehive where a monk slept.
52
monks
men who dedicate themselves to a religious order and to life in a monastery
53
orator
where monks prayed
54
scriptorium
where manuscripts were copied by hand and illustrated
55
manuscript
is a book written by hand
56
refectory
was where the monks ate their meals
57
round tower
was a bell tower and a safe place for people and treasures if the monastery came under attact
58
high cross
is a free-standing stone cross usually with elaborate carvings showing biblical scenes
59
longships
capable of crossing stormy seas but still shallow enough to sail up river
60
Longphorts
camps by the water used as a base for raids
61
republic
when the wealthy elite in the senate ruled in the name of the people.
62
citizens
people who had rights under roman law
63
forum
large town square that was the centre of business, political administration and religious worship
64
amphitheatre
where gladiatorial games were held
65
patricians
the wealthy noble families who ruled rome
66
toga
a long white robe draped over the shoulder and down to the feet.
67
stola
a long dress
68
DOMUS
the large house of a patrician
69
plebeians
the poor, who made up the vast majority of the roman population.
70
Dole
a payment of free grain given to the plebeians
71
insulae
the apartment blocks lived in by plebeians
72
mosaic
picture made from small pieces of stone, glass or tile
73
manumission
the freeing of a slave by their master after many years of service
74
confirmation
roman wedding ceremony
75
oratory
the art of public speaking
76
gladiators
slaves who fought in amphitheatres for the entertainment of the crowd
77
legionaries
roman foot soldiers
78
polytheists
people who believed in many different gods
79
monotheists
people who believed in only one god
80
feudalism
the system of land ownership where rulers( kings, lords) divided the land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes
81
peasants
the people who worked on a lords land
82
bailiff
the official on the manor who
83
open field system
the system of farming where peasants were each given strips of land to farm in large fields
84
fallow
the one field left empty every year to let it regain its nutrients
85
the commons
a large field on the manor where the peasants animals grazed
86
tithe
the payment of one-tenth of the peasants annual income to the church
87
knights
warriors of noble birth who fought on horseback and swore an oath of chivalry
88
oath of chivalry
sworn by a knight to be loyal to a lord and protect the weak
89
charter
a contract whereby a town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but paid taxes to the king
90
curfew
a rule that required people in towns to put out their fires at night
91
guild
an organisation of people who worked in the same trade
92
masterpiece
a piece of work presented to the guild to judge if someone was good enough to become a master craftsman.
93
Christendom
the kingdom of Christ referring to Europe.
94
rule of St Benedict
the strict set of rules that monks lived by
95
friars
monks who travelled around the country tending to the poor and the sick
96
normans
descendants of the Vikings who settled in Normandy in France and conquered England and Ireland.
97
the pale
the area around Dublin directly under the control of the English king
98
anglo Irish
descendants of the Norman conquerors who adopted many Irish customs and intermarried with the leading Gaelic families
99
renaissance
means rebirth. refers to the period of European history that saw huge changes in art. literature and science .
100
humanism
the idea that human beings should be at the centre of everything and we should think about the world in terms of the lives of people live
101
Patron
a wealthy person who commissioned (hired) an artist to produce an artwork
102
fresco
a method of painting directly onto wet plaster
103
sfumato
a painting technique that blurs or smudges lines and colours to soft textures and creates a smoky effect
104
perspective
the creation of depth and distance in painting
105
anatomy
the study of the structure of the human body
106
movable type
a method of printing books that placed individual metal letters into a frame
107
printing press
to form words, coated them with ink and pressed the frame onto paper
108
vernacular
language as spoken by people in their native country
109
sonnet
a fourteen-line rhyming poem form popular during the renaissance
110
astronomy
the study of the planets and stars
111
heresy
knowingly holding a view that went against the official teachings of the catholic church.
112
Quadrant, astrolabe
instruments that determined a ship's latitude (the distance from the equator) by using the position of the stars and the sun
113
compass
an instrument used to identify the north and so calculate the direction of the ship
114
log and line
measured a ship's speed in knots by letting out a rope whit knots tied in it at regular intervals
115
caravel
a type of ship large and sturdy enough to make long journeys and sail in all winds. caravels used lateen sails and had carvel built hulls
116
conquistadores
Spanish for conquerers soldiers who conquered the native peoples of south america
117
colonisation
when a country takes over another territory and settles some of its own people there to control it

xmas 2022 (5 decks)

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