History 1301: Unit 3 Flashcards
(195 cards)
1
Q
who invented the cotton gin?
A
Eli Whitney
2
Q
passed by the house of representatives that stated no more slaves could be brought into Missouri and children born to slave parents in Missouri were free
A
Tallmadge Amendment (proposed by Rep. James Tallmadge of New York)
3
Q
admitted Missouri as a slave state; Maine was admitted as a free state carved from Massachusetts; and stated no future slave states above the line 36 30’ (southern boundary of Missouri)
A
Missouri Compromise (1820) (“The Great Compromise”)
4
Q
who is know as “The Great Compromiser”? and presented the Missouri Compromise
A
Henry Clay
5
Q
chief of justice of the Supreme Court; did more than any other man to promote the original Federalist philosophy of a strong central government for the Hamiltonianisms
A
John Marshal
6
Q
case that increased federal powers at the expense of the states; states cannot tax a federal bank; “power to tax involves the power to destroy;” “power to create implies the power to preserve.”
A
McCulloch vs Maryland
7
Q
case that protected the sanctity of contracts
A
Dartmouth College v Woodward
8
Q
case that stated only Congress can regulate interstate commerce
A
Gibbons vs Ogden
9
Q
who seized the 2 most important Spanish posts in Florida: St. Marks, Pensacola
A
Andrew Jackson
10
Q
what election was the “most lopsided presidential victory in U.S. history”? (Monroe vs. J.Q. Adams)
A
election of 1820 (231 to 1 electoral votes)
11
Q
policy that Monroe issued (after compelling advice from John Q. Adams); stated that Europe could keep the colonies they now had; Europe could acquire no new colonies; and US was unofficially backed by British Royal Navy
A
Monroe Doctrine
12
Q
based on universal white manhood suffrage (not the old property-owning qualifications); west now became the political center; appealing to the common man now the norm; rule of the ‘elite” is now over
A
“New Democracy”
13
Q
who won the presidential election on 1824?
A
Adams (Clay influence the house to support him even though Andrew Jackson won the most electoral votes)
14
Q
who was the first minority president?
A
J.Q. Adams
15
Q
Congressional Jacksonites attempted a rigged tariff bill-strategy to discredit Adams, a political trick that unexpectedly passed and outraged Southern opponents of high tariffs
A
Tariff of 1828 (“tariff of abominations”)
16
Q
what is the tariff of 1828 also known as?
A
Tariff of abominations
17
Q
what state took the lead in protesting the “tariff of abominations” ?
A
South Carolina
18
Q
secretly written by vice president Calhoun claiming the tariff of abominations was unjust/unconstitutional therefore states could nullify it within their borders
A
“The South Carolina Expositions”
19
Q
replacing government positions with new people; Andrew Jackson argued that it would be a reform but it is seen as a corruption
A
Spoils System
20
Q
“Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”
A
Daniel Webster
21
Q
“The log cabin and hard cider campaign” was the slogan for what party, what year?
A
Whigs; 1840
22
Q
what president hated the National Bank?
A
A. Jackson
23
Q
who was the first Anti-Masonic party candidate? (1832 election)
A
William Wirt
24
Q
“third Party”; reflected the American suspicion of secret societies; special privileges; anti-AJ
A
Anti-Masonic Party
25
conditions to live in Texas:
300 immigrant families; settlers must be Roman Catholic; settlers were to become properly Mexicanized
26
types of Southern whites:
Planter aristocrats (big plantations); small slave owners; yeoman farmers; middle class; and poor whites (hillbillies; crackers)
27
who is granted a tract of land by Mexico?
Stephen Austin
28
3 famous men in TX
Davy Crockett; James Bowie; Sam Houston (former TN governor who came to TX for a new life)
29
dictator that seized power in Mexico
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
30
commander at the Alamo of 200 men; refused to surrender to Santa Anna/ 6000 troops
William Barret Travis
31
what day did Texas declare their Independence?
March 2, 1836
32
battle where we captured Santa Anna; he signed a treaty and promised to withdraw Mexican troops from TX; recognized the Rio Grande as the southwestern boundary of TX
Battle of San Jacinto
33
Solomon Northup wrote what?
"It was a Mournful Scene Indeed" (main characters Randall (son) and Eliza (mother))
34
depression caused by the speculation in the US, failure of wheat crops due to disease, failure of Andrew Jackson's finance and banking; European financial problems
Panic of 1837
35
who took the blame for the Panic of 1837?
current pres. Van Buren
36
"Old Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" was who's slogan in the 1840 election?
the Whigs
37
who was known for being a war hero at Tippecanoe?
William Henry Harrison
38
who delivered the longest inauguration speech ever in the rain and then served the shortest presidential term ever dieing from pneumonia? (31 days)
William Henry Harrison (VP Tyler became pres and opposed most of his party's ideas)
39
who created interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney
40
who is more responsible for the differences between the North and South than any other person?
Eli Whitney (created the cotton gin for the slavery in the south, and created interchangeable parts for mass production in the north)
41
whites owning no or few slaves
Yeomen farmers
42
how is wealth defined in the South?
how many slaves you have
43
how many families had 100+ slaves in the 1850 census?
1733
44
by 1860, _____% of all southern whites owned zero slaves
75
45
idea that all whites were wealthy and have many happy slaves and large plantations (view created after the the war)
"Lost Cause"
46
reasons that whites who had no slaves still supported slavery (5):
racism; economic competition; perversion of the "American Dream" (all comes through hard work and big plantations and "wealthy" with slaves); some poor whites ("at least I'm better than slaves); and northern interference (to make northerners mad)
47
Brutality and Inhumanity of American Slavery examples (picture is Gordon from Louisiana):
flogging; physical and mental abuse; rape; varying degrees of physical hardships and conditions; being treated as property rather than human; splitting up families; slave marriages were not legally recognized
48
who wrote "It was a Mournful Scene Indeed" ?
Solomon Northup (slave)
49
In the South, about how many free slaves were there in 1860? (same number in the north)
250000
50
half white half black children
mulattoes
51
by the 19th century whites tried to use what to make slaves accept their status?
religion
52
what were forms of resistance from slaves?
slowed work; swiping food; sabotaged equipment; and poison masters
53
laws that regulated the lives of slaves and free blacks
"black codes"
54
both the US and Britain claimed this area
Oregon
55
2,000 miles (5 months) Americans travels on the way west; 17 deaths per mile
Oregon Trail
56
Supporters of Polk expected to get all of Oregon to the 54 40' line (Southern Alaska) but Britain was strong ans America was at war with Mexico so Polk compromised and the Oregon territory was divided along the 49th parallel
Oregon Compromise
57
Polk sent him to make an offer to Mexico to buy CA and some land east of it and to settle the Texas border issues (25 million)
Slidell
58
there has been shed "American blood on American soil"
pres. Polk
59
CNC of 1,700 men; marched from Leavenworth, Kansas; captured Santa Fe
Stephen Watts Kearney
60
CNC of a US army of 4,600; defeated a Mexican army of 15,000-20,000 in the battle of Buena Vista
Zachary Taylor
61
aka "hero of Buena Vista"
Zachary Taylor
62
final battle of the Mexican War; several young Mexican cadets committed suicide rather than be captured
Battle of Chapultepec
63
negotiated by Trist; stated that the US title to Texas was confirmed; US received about 1/3 of Mexico; Mexico received $15 million; US assumed the claims of US citizens against Mexico
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
64
what election was the last for the Whigs Part?
election of 1852
65
third party organized by Northern abolitionists; pro-Wilmot Proviso; no slavery in the newly won Mexican lands
Free Soil Party
66
first candidate of the Free Soil Party (election of 1848)
Van Buren
67
probably one of the most famous "radical" abolitionist; stern and uncompromising; published militant newspaper "The Liberator"; called constitution "a pact with hell"
William Lloyd Garrison
68
What militant newspaper did abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison write?
"The Liberator"
69
"I will be as harsh as truth and uncompromising as justice..."
William Lloyd Garrison
70
proposed the Kansas-Nebraska scheme because he had RR investments
Stephen A. Douglas
71
What election did the Republican Party emerged?
election of 1858
72
most famous black abolitionist; at age 21 escaped slavery in 1838; amazing speaking ability; educated; leading advocate for African American soldiers
Frederick Douglass
73
one of the most important autobiographies of the 19th century; written in part to answer critics who claimed Douglass spoke too eloquently to have ever been a slave
"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass"
74
the First black American diplomat
Frederick Douglass
75
was killed by a anti-abolitionist mob in Alton in 1837
Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy
76
people who rushed to California who left jobs; jumped ship; pioneers; or people from other countries especially CHINA
Forty-niners
77
informal chain of anti-slavery homes through which runaway slaves were transported to sanctuary in Canada
Underground Railroad
78
aka "Moses of her people"
Harriet Tubman
79
most notable conductor of the underground RR; an illiterate/runaway slave; made 19 trips to the south; helped 300+ slaves escape
Harriet Tubman
80
"Let us not be pygmies in a case that calls for men."
Daniel Webster
81
died of an acute intestinal disorder after eating a bowl of cherries and cream
Zachary Taylor
82
states CA would be admitted as a free state; NM and UT territories were open to slavery (determined by popular sovereignty); TX gave up its claims to the disputed lands; slave trade in DC was abolished
Compromise of 1850
83
stated that the federal commissioners would determine if a black was a runaway slave (commissioner would receive $10) or a free person ($5). Northerners who helped slaves escape were liable to heavy fines or imprisonment
Fugitive Slave Laws (1850) (Bloodhound Bill)
84
what was the central issue of the election of 1852?
Compromise of 1850
85
who wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin?" claiming it "God wrote it"
Harriet Beecher Stowe
86
what novel did Harriet Beecher Stowe write expressing anti-slavery and the evils of splitting up slave families; millions of copies were sold and translated into 20+ languages
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
87
American adventurer who attempted to seize Baja CA from Mexico; installed himself as president of Nicaragua;
William Walker
88
commodore in command of a squadron of US warships sent by the US government to open trade with Japan
Mathew Perry
89
What election did the Republican Party emerged?
election of 1856
90
The American Party was aka?
The Know-Nothing Party
91
named because of their secretiveness; anti-immigrant (feared the thousands of Irish and German Immigrants); anti-Catholic
The Know-Nothing Party
92
who was the first Republican Party presidential candidate?
Fremont
93
ruled that free or slave, blacks were not citizens; therefore, they could not sue in court; a slave could be taken to any territory and legally held there
The Dred Scott decision
94
slave that had lived with is master in the free North for 5 years, but his master tried to bring him into slave territory
Dred Scott
95
stated that no matter what the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if people voted it down; where public opinion does not support federal law, the law was almost impossible to enforce
"Freeport Doctrine"
96
where did John Brown make his second contribution to the anti-slavery movement where he seized the federal arsenal; killed and wounded several innocent people (caught, tried, and hanged; seen as a martyr)
Harper's Ferry
97
the most fateful election of US history?
election of 1860
98
slogan "The Union, the Constitution and the Enforcement of the Laws." Party hoping to present a compromise candidate
The Constitutional Union Party
99
who won the election of 1860?
president Lincoln
100
what was the first colony to secede from the Union and what date?
South Carolina; Dec. 20, 1860
101
Order of Secession During the American Civil War: (Before Fort Sumter)
South Carolina (Dec. 20, 1860); Miss. (Jan 9, 1861); Florida (Jan 10); Alabama (Jan 11); Georgia (Jan 19); Louisiana (Jan 26); Texas (Feb 1)
102
where was the first shot of the Civil war fired?
Fort Sumter (Charleston Harbor at 4:30 A.M)
103
Order of Secession during the American Civil War (After Fort Sumter):
Virginia (April 17, 1861); Arkansas (May 6); North Carolina (May 20); Tennessee (June 8)
104
in all how many states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America?
11
105
The first capital of the Confederacy was ______ but when Virginia seceded, ______ became the capital
Montgomery AL, Richmond VA
106
who was the Confederate President?
Jefferson Davis
107
Irish lynched Blacks and burned black churches etc. for days until put down by Federal troops fresh from Gettysburg
Draft Riot of 1863
108
The south had fewer men so draft covered ages between_____
17-50
109
read over the southern/ northern advantages and disadvantages
>>>
110
why is Virginia such an important place in the Civil War?
because both capitals of the North and South are within 100 miles of each other
111
Battle that took place near a RR junction between the two capitals of DC and Richmond. Members of congress and other Washington dignitaries actually viewed the battle like a sporting event;
1st Battle of Bull Run or Manassas (First major battle July 21, 1861)
112
who was the Confederate commander at the Battle of Bull Run?
Thomas J. Jackson
113
"Young Napoleon"; second commander of the army of the Potomac; took over after Lincoln fired Irving McDowell
George B. McClellan
114
Union second in command; although intelligent, he was overcautious; always hesitated to act because he was afraid he was outnumbered; thought Lincoln was a fool; attacked Richmond
George B. McClellan
115
Robert E. Lee Takes command and aggressively counterattacked and drove McClellan back down the Peninsula in a series of engagements known as the _________ (June 26-July 2, 1862). This ended any victory for the north in the Peninsula Campaign
Seven Days' Battle
116
The Union's total war strategy: suffocate South by blockade; liberate the slaves to damage the economy of the South; split the Confederacy by seizing the Miss.River; take fight to the Deep South; Capture Richmond; engage south in battle constantly to were them down
Anaconda Plan
117
declares all slaves in rebel controlled territory to be free; did not however end slavery in the loyal slave states
Emancipation Proclamation
118
what percent of all Union forces did blacks make up?
10% (1/2 came from south)
119
The most famous black regiment in the Civil War; led by white abolitionist ________. (2 answers)
the 54th Massachusetts; Robert Gould Shaw (version of their story in the movie "Glory")
120
who was a "president without a party?'
John Tyler
121
Why did British show interest in Texas?
another source of cotton besides the US
122
popular idea among many Americans that God had per-ordained American expansion across the continent
Manifest Destiny
123
the _____ campaign pledged the get all of Oregon to the 54 40' line (southern Alaska) or "54'40' or fight"
Polk
124
"Old Rough and Ready;" was sent by Polk to the Rio Grande to instigate an attack from Mexico
Zachary Taylor
125
who requested the "Spot resolution" or request for information regarding the precise spot where American blood had been shed
Abraham Lincoln
126
offered to sell out Mexico if the US would help him return there; when he returns, he double-crosses Polk and rallies Mexico against the US
Santa Anna
127
proclaimed the short lived Republic of California; "California Bear Flag Republic," helped overthrow the Mexican government
John Charles Fremont
128
aka "Old Fuss and Feathers"
Gen. Winfield Scott
129
greatest general between the Revolution and civil war; captures Mexico city
Gen. Winfield Scott
130
Chief Clerk of the US State Department; knew Spanish so sent by Polk to negotiate with Santa Anna; also negotiated the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Nicholas P. Trist
131
"Blood splattered classroom of the Civil War" describes what war?
The mexican war
132
stipulated that slavery should never exist in any of the territories taken from Mexico
Wilmot Proviso (presented by David Wilmot)
133
"Mexico will Poison Us;" also stated that the last shots of the Mexico war was the opening shots of the civil war
Ralph Waldo Emerson
134
"Father of Popular Sovereignty"
Lewis Cass
135
idea that the people should choose if the states become slave states or not
Popular Sovereignty
136
presidential candidate that had never held a public office or voted before; committed himself publicly on the slavery extension issue was a Louisiana plantation owner and also owned slaves
Zachary Taylor
137
organization that wanted to transport slaves back to Africa (particularly to the Republic of Liberia 1822)
American Colonization Society 1817
138
Isabella was aka; "she held audiences spellbound with her deep resonant voice and the religious passion with which she condemned the sin of slavery"
"Sojourer Truth"
139
aka "Abolition's Golden trumpet"
Wendell Phillips
140
David Walkers writing in which he tells blacks they must rise up and do what ever it takes to be free
"Walker's Appeal"
141
carpenter working at a sawmill on the American River, CA and discovered gold at Sutter's Mill
James Marshall
142
where did James Marshall first discover gold at?
Sutter's Mill
143
"The South! The South! God knows what will become of her!" (said on death bed)
John C. Calhoun (rejected Clay's proposal of the great compromise)
144
A few blacks thrived and owned slaves themselves including who?
William T. Johnson
145
most opposition to slavery was because of what?
racism (they didn't want blacks around them)
146
wife of a powerful S.C. politician/general who wrote in her journal about mulattoes (half black half white)
Mary Chestnut
147
what was the biggest factor that affected slaves living conditions?
the personality of the owner
148
African-American worship tended to be more interactive and some say it originated from what back in Africa?
Ring-Shout Dance
149
The last major revolt was the ______ revolt in 1831 Virginia; 60 whites killed
Nat Turner Revolt
150
stopped all discussion on any anti-slavery measure in the House of Representatives from 1863-44
Gag Rule
151
The three big names in the great compromise
Clay; Calhoun; and Webster
152
gave the "seventh of March" speech which called for compromise and concession and reasonableness
Daniel Webster
153
becomes president after Zachary Taylor dies from eating cherries and cream; former lawyer who was more willing to be conciliatory than Taylor
Millard Fillmore
154
presidential candidate; "Second Dark Horse"
Franklin Pierce
155
attempts by private southern citizens to seized slave territory for the US
filibustering
156
fearfulness of Aliens
Xenophobic
157
Railroad from coast to coast; major factor contributing to the American Civil War
Transcontinental RR
158
when 1000s of abolitionists and pro-slavers poured into Kansas for the sole purpose of stopping or aiding the expansion of slavery
"Bleeding Kansas"
159
In his "Crimes against Kansas," he verbally attacked an elderly Senator Andrew Butler; his nephew caned him
Charles Sumner
160
Which slave states did not join the Confederacy?
Missouri; Kent; Maryland; Delaware; west Virginia
161
War was, according to Lincoln, only for the preservation of the What?
the Union
162
Southerners in the civil war were also known as what?
"Mountain whites"
163
The south had an economic inflation of ____% during the civil war
9000
164
What was one of the North's greatest strengths during the civil war?
industrialization
165
One of the most popular of the "What if" scenarios is the book "Timeline 191" series by who?
Harry Turtledove
166
The Union Army is known as what in the civil war?
Army of Potomac
167
What was the Confederate Army known as?
Army of Northern Virginia
168
Northerners name their battles after what?
the nearest body of watter
169
Southerners name their battles after what?
nearest town or RR junction
170
1st Northern commander at the 1st battle of bull run?
Irving McDowell
171
When Thomas J. Jackson stood his ground at the first battle of bull run, he gained his nickname what?
"stonewall"
172
commander of the Confed. Army, Joseph E. Johnston was wounded so who took his place? Was asked to serve for the USA but would not because he could not go against his home country (state) Virginia
Robert. E. Lee
173
3rd general of the Union Army during the civil war?
General John Pope
174
who again becomes the 4th commander of the Potomac Army?
McClellan
175
Bloodiest Day in US history? (September 17, 1862)
Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg
176
When Lincoln fires McClellan for the second time, he replaces him with the 5th commander of the Potomac Army who?
Ambrose E. Burnside
177
who becomes the 6th commander of the Potomac Army?
"Fighting Joe" Hooker
178
Lee and Jackson's Greatest Triumph was were?
Chancellorsville (Lee split his army and snuck up behind them and caught Union by surprise; Jackson dies and Lee claims to have 'lost his right arm')
179
The 7th Union commander was who? commander at the battle of Gettysburg
George Meade
180
Who was the Union Commander (the final one) at the Fall of Vicksburg
US Grant
181
One of the few people who realized that the war was going to be long and bloody from the beginning; wanted to break the spirit of the deep south by destroying their towns (burns Atlanta)
William T. Sherman
182
when A Union warship forcibly removed 2 Confed. diplomats from a British mail steamer, triggering a very serious international incident. The British sent troops to Canada and were very angry; Lincoln wisely released the 2 diplomats and quipped "one war at a time"
Trent Affair
183
ship that destroyed 60 Union vessels before it was sunk in 1864
CSS Alabama
184
Large ironclad vessels that were designed to destroy the Union's wooden ship navy and shell northern cities. (Purchased by Britain, not sold to the South)
Laird Rams
185
Technology in the war:
Ironclads; Hot Air Balloons (observation); repeating rifles; machine guns; giant artillery
186
formed the U.S sanitation commission (2)
Nurse Clara Barton and Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
187
who was the first female doctor?
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
188
name given to Grant by northerners who were upset at the large numbers of dead and wounded in the civil war
"butcher" Grant
189
Grant's only regret during the Civil War? Battle. (7000 men killed in 20 minutes)
Cold Harbor (June 3, 1864)
190
Democrats who opposed Lincoln, the war, the draft, and emancipation
"Copperheads"
191
who won the election of 1864?
Lincoln
192
a 9 long month siege using trenches and frontal assaults
Petersburg Siege
193
Lee surrendered to Grant where and when during the civil war?
Wilmer McLain's front parlor on April 9, 1865
194
who assassinates Lincoln? where?
John Wilkes Booth; Ford's Theatre
195
The most famous of the seven Illinois Senate Race meetings occurred where when Abraham Lincoln asked what if the people of a territory should vote down slavery? and Douglas replied that slavery would stay down if the people voted it down
Freeport, IL
