History Flashcards
(46 cards)
The time before the acquisition of writing is called what?
Pre-History
These early humans walked on two legs, lived in family groups, and developed the opposable thumb
Australopithecines
This early human form appeared in Africa ~2.4 million years ago, ate more nutritious food, altered movements to respond to available food, and was known as a “handy man” and developed tools with razor sharp edges.
Homo habilus
This early human form appeared ~1.9 million years ago, had a brain 1/3 larger than the homo habilus, learned how to manipulate fire (cooking), was a scavenger, created hand axes.
Homo Erectus
What resulted in a huge increase of the numbers of homo erectus?
Their larger brains, ability to use tools and ability to hunt big game.
What is another name for homo sapien sapiens?
Hominids
Where and when did homosapien sapiens appear?
Africa & Southwest Asia ~150-200,000 years ago
This suggests that homo sapiens evolved from a group of homo erectus who left Africa and dispersed all over the world.
Multiregional Community Model
This is the current leading theory on the evolution of humans.
Out of Africa Model
This theory holds that while homo erectus left Africa and did mingle with other populations, homo sapiens developed in Africa and eventually took over all of the other hominids without inbreeding
Out of Africa Model
The Old Stone Age is also known as what?
The Paleolithic Era
This period of the Stone Age marked the emergence of the first hominids
Old Stone Age/Paleolithic
How are paleolithic people characterized?
- Hunter Gatherer
- Mobile, Nomadic with Large Territorial Range
- Crude Tools
- Work Divided on Gender Lines
- Art
- Fire to provide warmth/light
The Middle Stone Age is known as what?
Mesolithic
The end of this era of the Stone Age marked the start of the Neolithic Revolution
Mesolithic
What happened during the Neolithic Revolution?
Populations turned to farming
What were the 3 major characteristics of the human experience during the Mesolithic era?
- End of era turns to farming
- Change in tools to axes, spears, bow and arrow, baskets, boats, and ground stone tools
- Beginning of pastoral societies
What was the time frame of the Mesolithic Era?
10,000-7,000 BCE
This marked the shift from food-gathering to food-producing (farming).
Neolithic Revolution
This time period during the mesolithic era saw the domestication of animals
Neolithic Revolution
Bronze Age tools were developed at the end of what period?
Neolithic
Where did the first civilizations emerge during the Neolithic period?
Mesopotamia and Egypt
During this time period nomadic living people shifted to living in agricultural villages.
Neolithic Period
What is an institution of law, government, economic growth, military and religion referred to as?
Civilization
