History Flashcards

Question

Reasons for fall of Roman Empire

Answer 1

Problems such as political instability, mercenary army's, inflation, excessive taxation, decreased agricultural production, division over rise of Christianity weekend the Roman empire and continuous barbarian invasions eventually devastated Rome. Fall of (western) Rome in Late 400sAD- and of ancient civilization

Answer 2

The Byzantine Empire (eastern) continued it to exist for many centuries after the fall of western Rome After all it's massive achievements one of the most lasting influences of the Romans was there a law which was collected in the Justinian Code

Answer 3

1900BC-100AD Established first lasting monotheistic religion which became the basis for modern Judaism -Jews lived in Canaan, went to Egypt under Joseph-enslaved-Moses led them out

Answer 4

1000BC 12 tribes United under Saul. First writings of Torah- OT Pentateuch Split Judah's/Israel Conflict with Rome led to the distraction of Jerusalem and the expulsion of many Jews from Palestine- "Diaspra"

Answer 5

3300-1700BC Evolved into a highly advanced culture who's architectural achievements included a planned urban grid and the worlds first urban sanitation system Harrapan- mature phase, highly advanced with historical contributions ranging from precise scientific measurement system to graceful bronze and terra-cotta sculptures

Answer 6

1700BC- 500BC Laid the foundation's of early Hinduism, diverse believe system which spans the gamut of mono theism polytheism and pantheism (God in all things)

Answer 7

Caste system A rigid social structure that divided the population into four distinct casts which are believed to have emerged from the varnas of Perusha 1) Bramas- teachers, priests 2) rulers and warriors 3) merchants and artisans 4) peasants Or OUTCASTS- not part of a caste Open geography subjective the region to wave after wave of invasions from central Asia and other surrounding regions

Answer 8

1200s China fell under control of Mongol Empire, largest contiguous empire in history of world ruled by Genghis Khan and his successors Effective warriors, advanced military technology Ming Dynasty: 1300-1600 Mongols ousted china practices isolationist policy, no trade

Answer 9

Borrowed heavily from Chinese politics and culture began to develop a distinct identity during the Heian Era (800-1200AD) Emperor had a little power. Shogun had more power, military ruler chosen from among the daimyo (Nobel land owners) who were served by samurai (soldier) Tokugawa Period- Japan practiced extreme isolationism

Answer 10

Seaports and international trade gave rise to various city states along the eastern coast where cultures such as Swahili thrived African interior, Zimbabwe became a strong kingdom based on the gold trade Western Africa was heavily influenced by Islam

Answer 11

Nomadic people of Northern Africa who is origin extend as far back as ancient times Referred to by other Ames such as Libyans, Mauri, and Moors

Answer 12

After death of Muhammad, Muslim Conquests (600-700AD) united Arab Peninsula under Islam Arabia ruled by succession caliphs (600-1900AD) through Ottoman rulers (1300-1900AD) tended to use the term Sultan

Answer 13

Spread throughout the Byzantine and Persian empires Based on the teachings of Mohammed, Islam emphasize the Koran as the source for moral and ethical conduct Basic duties- pray 5x, alms, fasting Ramadan, pilgrimage

Answer 14

After collapse of Western Roman empire, European society became fragmented into small regions rolled by Lauren's and the knights who serve them No more trade, rise in farming- Gave rise to economic system of manorialism (work land for economic benefit to landlord) and political/military system of feudalism (exchange military service for land)

Answer 15

Based on a vassal's (knight) pledge to serve a lord in exchange for a fief(land) Ceremony of that pledge homage When vassal died his died goes to oldest son, system called primogeniture

Answer 16

Franks-Charlemagne conquered and united much of medieval Europe Similar region later ruled by Otto I of Germany. Came to Holy Roman Empire

Answer 17

100 yr war- 1300 to 1400 A.D., French and English kings fight for control of Europe. Bubonic Plague- Black Death

Answer 18

Christianity rose in power after becoming first official religion of Roman empire in 380 A.D. During middle ages the crusades were carried out with initial goal of capturing Jerusalem in later with other goals Catholicism had a great influence on European culture and education

Answer 19

300-900 AD Located in central America (meso America) Farming culture, hunters and gatherers - TORTILLAS! Culture influenced by Olmec (Civilization that created number system, pyramids, gods) Lived in great cities with erected monuments called stelae recorded important events Polytheistic Logo graphic writing system Engineering feats Advances in math and astronomy before collapsing for unknown reasons

Answer 20

Located in central Mexico Warlike culture Empire based in city Tenochtitlan Combined Polytheism, shamanism communicating with dead), animism (spirit of inanimate objects) Human sacrifice based on Five Suns and self sacrifice based on Nanahuatzin (pimple faced God) Farming in forrests, hillsides, lakes Concord by Spanish

Answer 21

Came after Mayans and Aztecs Located in Andean Highlands (near modern Chili) Largest empire in pre Colombian America Polytheistic- Inti, sun god, as primary godhead Engineering, accounting system of knotted strings called quipu Conquered by Spanish

Answer 22

Hunters, gatherer, fisher, some farming Nomadic- travel to follow the food (bison) Small groups, bands, made up larger group, tribe, tribes formed federations (Iroquois federation made of 5 tribes) No states or empires Adapted to regions in which they lived with different structures such as Long houses and earth lodges All tribes unique and diverse

Answer 23

European Renaissance cultural movement 14-17th century "Rebirth" of interest in the classical era (Greek and Roman ancient times) which was particularly evident in the art of the period: Michelangelo, da Vinci, Masaccio Philosophy of Humanism- individual who learns, value of person based on what they know and their character not their birth

Answer 24

Scientific Revolution- and in science incl scientific method. Copernicus- heliocentric sun is center, Galileo- gravity, heliocentric Writers: Shakespeare, Cervantes- Don Quixote Machiavelli- the Prince Explorers: Columbus, da Gama- sail around Africa to India, Magellan- sail around world from Spain, Protestant Reformation- Marin Luther and John Calvin reform Catholic Church Jesuits (Catholic) stood up to protestants

Answer 25

First document forced upon a king by his subjects which limited his powers under the law, beginning of representative govt Issued in 1215 to King John of England Heavily influenced modern concepts of government and forms a great deal of foundation of the Bill of Rights- life, liberty, property, due process Magna Carta influential on enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke

Answer 26

Laissez-faire (non-interference) system which government has minimal involvement in the economy with the idea that economy will regulate its self based on competition and laws of supply and demand

Answer 27

System which govt owns or controls certain major economic sectors

Answer 28

System which govt owns nearly all productive resources

Answer 29

Combines dictatorship with private ownership of property (Nazi Germany)

Answer 30

Norse explorers (i.e. Leif Erickson and Vikings) preceded Columbus in reaching New World. Columbus first to establish and govern major settlements John Cabot- first voyage to America for England Coronado explored American Southwest

Answer 31

During his four major trips to the Americas he took Native American slaves back to Spain and also establish poorly managed agricultural and mining camps in which Native Americans were often raped, tortured, and forced to perform slave labor European exploration introduced a variety of new elements to both old world and new world Things taken from New to Old World: corn, canoe, slaves, diseases (syphilis) Old to New: small pox, Christianity, horses

Answer 32

New England colonies- shipbuilding and commerce Middle colonies- farming (food crops) and commerce Southern colonies- (cash crops) tobacco and cotton

Answer 33

Virginia. First British settlement in North America | Founded by London Company given a charter

Answer 34

Established by Puritans. Separatists who wanted to break away from church and establish more pure Bible commonwealths (Pilgrims) Incl Rhode Island and New Hampshire

Answer 35

Dutch gave to Duke of York

Answer 36

Fought in Americas during colonial era as extension of 7 years war. As a result of their victory in this sore, British acquired substantial new land holdings but also acquired serious debt and problems of controlling this large new territory Native Americans (Indians), Spanish, French VS. British and British colonists

Answer 37

- Tariffs- taxes on imports (Stamp Act, Boston Te Party - Lack of Representation- no taxation without representation - Quartering of British soldiers- soldiers were placed in colonies to "manage" new territory from French and Indian war - Boston Massacre- citizen taunting troops, troops fired on citizens - Intolerable Acts- designed to punish colonists for uprising like Boston Tea Party- closed port of Boston, increased British governor in Massachusetts, expanded requirements of colonists to house and feed quartered British soldiers

Answer 38

Battle of Saratoga- patriots won against British which convinced French they had a good chance at winning. French decided to back US patriots Battle of Yorktown- battle where patriots won victory of British that secured the end of war.

Answer 39

Created as a wartime document and were too limited to serve as the basis for government Settle 3 issues of being United colonies 1) raising an army from among states 2) print money and borrow money from other countries 3) settle territorial disputes

Answer 40

Established the US government as it exists today and attempted to protect citizens freedom through the Bill of Rights (1st 10 amendments) Legislative - Congress- bicameral (2 houses- House of representatives, by population. Senate, two representatives per state)- Make laws Executive- President and Cabinet- enforce laws Judicial- Supreme Court and lower courts- interpret laws

Answer 41

Setup the power of judicial review- Can declare a law unconstitutional

Answer 42

Jefferson Antifederalists (more power to states)- opposed Hamiltons Federalist (strong central govt) Jacksons Democratic Party opposed Whigs

Answer 43

Desire to expand West from Atlantic to Pacific

Answer 44

In 1812 US declared war against England because of factors such as interference with US shipping British were "impressing US ships- forcing US sailors to work on British ships No clear winner, treaty signed After war a strong feeling of nationalism swept the country

Answer 45

European desire for tobacco and cotton and southern desire for cheap plantation labor lead to African slave trade 1) Europeans go to Africa to pick up people 2) Middle Passage was the brutal and inhumane portion of the triangular trade route in which African slaves were brought to America 3) Tobacco and cotton taken back to Europe

Answer 46

Conflict over slavery created growing rift in country. Compromises - Missouri Compromise: Missouri come into union as slave state, split portion of Massachusetts into Maine as free state - Compromise of 1850: CA come in as a free state, but New Mexico and Utah have a choice. Strict laws for runaway slaves - Kansas-Nebraska Act: those two states can choose free or slave states Dred Scott decision (escaped slave in free state- slave is property so had to be returned to owner- made abolitionist stronger opinionated) and election of Lincoln

Answer 47

1861-1865 Civil War stemmed from South's resistance to the northern abolitionist movement and was accelerated by the shift and federal power that occurred when California was admitted to the union as a free state Secessionists called for a new nation which they called the Confederate states of America capital: Richmond, VA President: Jefferson Davis

Answer 48

North- more populated, developed manufacturing, developed transportation (rr) South- military leadership (Robert E Lee, Stonewall Jackson)

Answer 49

North- isolate south by closing shipping so they couldn't get supplies, capture southern capital, split south so they had to fight on 2 fronts, starve them out. Prevent south from surging in South- surge into north to take control of trade routes and manufacturing.

Answer 50

Fort Sumter- 1st battle- Beauregard fires on Federal fort in Charleston Harbor Antietum- bloodiest day of the war- first major invasion into North. McClellan ends Robert E Lees invasion of North Chancellorsville- Lee defeats Hookers Army of Potomac, but Stonewall Jackson is killed Gettysburg- Lee loses to Gen. Meade, Pickett Charge fails, ends second invasion of the north Appomattox - Lee's army is surrounded and is forced to surrender. War is basically over

Answer 51

Johnson was impeached for opposing the radicals who favored a military occupation of the defeated south Under reconstruction, many northerners moved to the south to start businesses. They were resented by seven years and referred to as carpetbaggers and scalawags

Answer 52

Disputed presidential election of 1876 led to a compromise which ended reconstruction- if south accepted north candidate, they would withdraw radical reconstruction. Accepted. End of reconstruction gave rise to Jim Crowe laws (racist laws that separated and took away rights) Not until 75 years later that the American civil rights movement would overturn these practices and monumental court cases like Brown vs the Board of Education of Topeka would grant equality to blacks

Answer 53

Took place during the late 18 and 19th centuries due to monumental advancement in manufacturing technologies: cotton gin, steam engine Effects of industrial revolution included vast growth and improvement of roadways and waterways and railways which allowed interstate trade and business, urbanization, emergence and rise of the middle class, and increased dependence on foreign trade, wage labor system

Answer 54

Promise of jobs following industrial revolution lead to waves of immigration during the 19th century which in turn led to a renewed sense of nativism- immigrants who moved here believed they were "natives" while the ones who came after them were still immigrants Nativists policies in the early 20th century lead to legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act (no Chinese immigrants allowed) and a Gentleman's Agreement (US told Japan to keep their people over there)

Answer 55

Introduced in 1823, the Monroe doctrine asserted US power by forbidding further European colonization or interference in the Americas

Answer 56

California was home to more Native Americans than any other region in the United States California's Indians relied on acorns as their primary food source, also fish and game Polytheistic cultures

Answer 57

Religion and economics Other Spanish and Mexican settlements included pueblo (Little town) , presidios (fort/jail), and the rancheros (The private individuals who owned the missions after they were turned over from the government)

Answer 58

California became a Mexican province in 1822 after Mexico won its independence from Spain, they abolished mission system for economic and political social reasons Many Californians such as the group led by Pio Pico rebelled against having their affairs dictated by "outsiders" Mexico sent a series of governors to California including Manuel Victoria, Who ruled with a strong hand

Answer 59

US tried to purchase California region from Mexico for $35 million In 1846 the US declared war on Mexico, primarily border disputes After the US victory the Treaty of Guadalupe Bay Hidalgo gave control of California and other surrounding regions to the US Forced Mexico to sell California region for $15 million

Answer 60

Between 1847 and 1860 California's population grew from 15,000 to 380,000 (due to gold) leaving to California is acceptance into statehood Slavery was for bidden in California upsetting the balance of slave and free states

Answer 61

Similar to U.S. Constitution including separation of powers Legislative- state congress Executive- governor, with line item veto power Judicial- state Supreme Court California past progressive (early 1900s) reforms for Initiative - citizen can get signatures on petition to have a law brought up to a vote Referendum- citizens can challenge a law Recall- citizens can remove elected official if they do not agree with them (Gov Gray Davis)

Answer 62

Gold Rush 1847-1860 CA land boom 1880s- offered homestead land if people would come start certain business is on that land Great Depression- Dust Bowl pushed agricultural people to CA Literature: Grapes of Wrath 1965 reforms to US immigration laws- Took away limitations of various cultures moving to US, which allowed more diversity in immigration system, lots of Asians moved

Answer 63

Mining Agriculture- Central Valley Entertainment- LA, best climate and scenery for camera action Recreation- theme parks, cities, state parks Aerospace- Orange Co. Electronics (silicon microchips)-Silicon Valley International trade- port of LA/Long beach (busiest trade route in the world) also San Diego, San Fran

Answer 64

Complex system of canals and reservoirs were built to supply California's water needs California Aqueduct was built to supply the populist desert regions in the south with water from the north

History Flashcards

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