Language Flashcards

Question

Language Development: Stage 1 | Roger Brown

Answer 1

Age 0-12mo Cooing, crying, patterned speech repeat certain phonemes in form of consonant-vowel strings Bababababa

Answer 2

Age 12-26mo Early toddler 12-18mo first words, 1-syllable holophrases- single word to communicate phrase "food" Late toddler 18-24mo use forms of "to be", articles, prepositions, conjunctions telegraphic speech- use most important words like a telegraph Present tense, 1st person Questions by intonation and eventually "what X doing/going?" No and Not in sentences Underextending and Overextending word meanings ... calling a cow a dog; seeing one breed of dog and calling it s dog, seeing another breed and not know it's a dog

Answer 3

Age 27mo-4yrs Quasi-model verbs "wanna" Private speech- talking to self Future tense Articles Auxiliary form in questions, "I can't go?" later inversion happens "Can't I go?" Past tense Coordinating/Subordinating conjunctions used correctly Multiple adj to one noun Plurals and possessives Question words- who, which, when, how, why Talk about things not present in direct space

Answer 4

``` 4-7yrs Negative pronoun "nothing" Understanding syntax Understanding metaphors Speech errors: over-regularization (mouses) ```

Answer 5

Anything above OR below the normal development curve. Take into consideration social/cultural factors and ELL

Answer 6

Over applying a regular rule to something that is irregular "Mouses" instead of mice Over applying the regular -es rule

Answer 7

Silent Period- engaging in internal private speech Formulaic Speech- memorized phrases Experimental Phase- simplified semantics and grammar to construct impromptu phrases Fluency

Answer 8

Learners will have an easier time with English as a second language if their native language has Latin roots - similar sounds, spellings, meanings French, Italian, Spanish, and Romanian Structurally, English actually stems from Germanic languages

Answer 9

Phonics- Learning phonemes to sound out words Whole Language Approach- Reading immersion techniques to help familiarize student with the irregularities in English spellings

Answer 10

Recognizing the phonemes of the letters that represent them, blending that together, and recognizing the blended together word from their oral vocabulary Phonics Approach

Answer 11

1) Word Wall- literally a list of words on the wall (can be "ph" words or words ending in -big, or week vocabulary words, whatever) 2) Word Sorts- sort list of words into word families or categories 3) High Frequency reading selection

Answer 12

PreK-K Children become aware of the directional nature of text layout (left to right, top to bottom) and begin to recognize basic visual cues such as letters in their names

Answer 13

K-1st Begin to develop phonemic awareness and apply alphabetic principle, associating letters with sound. Begin spelling simple consonant – vowel – consonant words but often omit vowels. Teachers place emphasis on the phonemic awareness

Answer 14

1st Students begin to consistently include vowels and also begin to recognize groups of letters called phonograms. Students use phonemic awareness to decode unknown words

Answer 15

Group of letters that makes a single sound "ough" bought Digraph- special type of phonogram with only 2 letters that make one sound "Th" The or "ch" chair

Answer 16

2nd & 3rd Students reading speed and accuracy increases dramatically. Ability to recognize text in larger units is a primary contributor to this increase in speed. Students begin to utilize decoding skills with fluency and develop broader word recognition Teachers begin to emphasize comprehension by having students perform activities such as summarizing what they read

Answer 17

Structure generally simple, chronological order, common genre with every day experience or fantasy plots Ability to identify and comprehend purpose- single complex or multiple simple purposes Intro to literary devices, figurative meaning, and perspectives Gradual growth in this age range

Answer 18

Structure grows in complexity Comprehend multiple levels of meaning, perspectives, themes Ability to identify and comprehend implicit purpose, figurative meaning, and perspectives Gradual growth in this grade range

Answer 19

Accuracy- determines that the students are pronouncing the words correctly as they read Pacing- students are reading the text at the correct speed, according to the speed of the daily speech Prosody- students are reading with expression, phrasing, pitch and volume according to context and punctuation

Answer 20

Looking at the history of a word and how it has come to mean what it means Germanic vs Latin origins "Horseradish" - originally called mereraddish. Mere (Latin) is sea - grows by the sea. Other group thought they said mare, as in female horse

Answer 21

Dictionary definition- specific and direct Ally vs Comrad- basically the same

Answer 22

Secondary meaning, linked to the word's historical usage and context that it's being used Ally vs Comrad

Answer 23

Aural- listen and summarize Oral- describe an object or person

Answer 24

Inconsistency in tense usage within a clause or sentence

Answer 25

Ambiguity in meaning caused by misplaced, squinting, or dangling modifier I voted for the candidate with the highest hopes - who has the highest hopes? Flying over Yosemite a bear could be seen

Answer 26

Words that sound the same but are not spelled the same and don't mean the same Affect=cause(verb)/Effect=result(noun or verb);to bring about Ascent-go up/Assent-agreement Dual- two/ Duel- fight Elicit-draw out / Illicit-illegal inappropriate

Answer 27

Narrative: tells a story Interpretive: examines an existing work and attempts to explain its meaning Analytical- examines a work or issue to evaluate critical elements Descriptive- describes something Persuasive- convince Expository- explain a concept

Answer 28

Designed to persuade Rhetorical devices- - Anaphora:repetition of word or phrase - Rhetorical question: provoke a reaction, non answer

Answer 29

Ethos: credibility of speaker toward subject Pathos: appeal to emotion, get audience to feel excitement, anger, compassion, etc Logos: appeal to logic Best speeches have all three components. Aristotle's idea

Answer 30

Different forms of language used by speakers from different social groups, cultures, or geographic regions

Answer 31

Speech patterns unique to each individual

Answer 32

Literary elements deal with themes, characters, plot, and literary devices used by the author

Answer 33

Structural elements relate to the format, linguistic devices, and word choices employed by the author

Answer 34

``` Legal or official doc Advertisement Popular journalism Technical writing Literary Scholarly Scientific ```

Answer 35

Begins with exposition followed by an inciting incident, which leads rising action (reversals and reveals) then resolves with a climax, often followed by denouement Reversals- where the protagonist is given the upper hand, then the antagonist, vice versa Reveals- new info to story

Answer 36

Characters that don't require any exposition to understand

Answer 37

Character that represents an idea "Compassion"- Mother Theresa

Answer 38

Authors attitude toward the subject

Answer 39

Overall "feeling" created by the work

Answer 40

Words rhyme Within a single line

Answer 41

A word at the END of the line rhymes with the word at the end of another line

Answer 42

Sounds are very similar but not the same phonologically Strain - Again

Answer 43

Arrangement of words in a certain rhythmic measure based on their number of syllables and emphasis Example of metrical pattern- "Iambic Pantameter": ex Dr. Seuss, Green Eggs and Ham

Answer 44

Series- in an order of a series Contrast- comparing things Repetition- repeating

Answer 45

Scenes, acts, chapters, lines, and stanzas

Answer 46

The repetition of certain sounds to achieve an effect. May take the form of assonance or consonants Consonance- Sally Seashell Assonance- using vowels

Answer 47

Include novels, short stories, folk in fairytales, poetry, others (comedy, thriller, etc)

Answer 48

Dominant idea or meaning of a literary work Implicit- understand for yourself based on context clues from story Explicit- outwardly stated in story "what gets resolved in the stories climax?"