History Flashcards
sunday revision (100 cards)
1
Q
The study of the stars and their influence on the earth as a way of explaining illness and disease
A
Astrology
2
Q
The language of Islam spoken throughout the Islamic Empire and is still spoken in 25 countries today
A
Arabic
3
Q
The period of time in which the Islamic Empire existed
A
Caliphate
4
Q
Finding your way somewhere distant, often using charts and the stars as guides
A
Navigation
5
Q
This is someone who provides money and support to people in the arts or sciences in order to progress their work
A
Patron
6
Q
This is someone who is first to do something, usually in science, art or exploration
A
Pioneer
7
Q
This is an important religious figure who shares the word of God
A
Prophet
8
Q
Used to take measurements from the stars for navigation and for the timings of the day
A
Astrolabes
9
Q
The method of creating celestial charts for use in astrology or navigation.
A
Stereographic projection
10
Q
The ruler of an Islamic Empire during a specific Caliphate.
A
Caliph
11
Q
This was a deadly disease killing 50% of the population of Britain in 1348.
A
Black death
12
Q
A contract between two groups, for example the Magna Carts which limited the powers of kings.
A
Charter
13
Q
Christian war against Islamic forces for control of the Holy Land.
A
Crusade
14
Q
To prevent someone from taking part in religious services of the Christian Church.
A
Excommunicate
15
Q
People who didn’t believe in Christianity.
A
Heretics
16
Q
Earning an indulgence. These were certificates that forgave sins. They could be bought or earnt by charity work.
A
Indulgences
17
Q
God’s representative on earth. Lived in Rome. Could excommunicate kings.
A
Papacy
18
Q
They grew all the food but owned no wealth and lived in poverty, the lowest group in society.
A
Peasants
19
Q
When ordinary people rise up against the government, often using violence to make social or political change.
A
Rebellion
20
Q
This is when ordinary people decide what happens, the basis of our civil liberties.
A
Trial by jury
21
Q
Another word for King or Queen, they believed they had been appointed by God.
A
Monarch
22
Q
Someone who is very committed to something, usually to a religion.
A
Devout
23
Q
A term used to describe something as proper and right, accepted by everyone.
A
Legitimacy
24
Q
Powerful landowners, they rebelled against King John in 1215.
A
Barons
25
A social hierarchy that placed the monarch at the top and Peasants at the bottom.
Feudal
26
The process by which we describe, analyse, evaluate, and create an
explanation of past events
Interpretation
27
When something is not authorised by the law; not in accordance with
accepted standards or rules.
illegitimate
28
A country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen.
Kingdom
29
This is a monarch who rules an empire.
Emperor
30
This means causing someone to believe that something is true or real.
Convincing
31
An area of the world within the continents of, Africa and Asia, the predominant
religion is Islam.
Middle east
32
Being united or joined as a whole for example the joining of countries within
an Empire.
Unity
33
A journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons or for the healing of an illness
Pilgrimage
34
An official sent by one country into another, to represent their country
Ambassador
35
A society composed of different ethnic groups or cultural traditions.
Plural society
36
This is the practice of reading, thinking, discussing, and writing
Scholarship
37
Officially announce that something such as a law, agreement, or marriage no
longer exists.
Annul
38
This means to cut off the head of a person as punishment for a crime.
Beheaded
39
The new protestant church with the monarch of England as its leader formed
in 1534.
Church of England
40
This means the formal ending or dismissing of an official group or body, such
as removing the power and wealth of monasteries by Henry VIII.
Dissolution
41
A female partner of a man who is already married.
Mistress
42
The head of the Catholic Church.
Pope
43
The act of reforming the Religion of England from Catholic to Protestant.
Reformation
44
German monk who forever changed Christianity when he nailed his '95
Theses' to a church door in 1517
Martin Luther
45
Act dishonestly in return for money or personal gain.
Corrupt
46
A place where monks worship, live and work in order to distance themselves
from society and be closer to God.
Monasteries
47
To put someone to death as a punishment for crime.
Execution
48
A group of states or countries controlled by one monarchy or government.
Empire
49
A system of government where complete control is in the hands of one person
who can make all the important decisions.
Autocracy
50
A resource like coal or oil that occurs in nature, different countries can contain
different or greater quantities which could be desired by others.
Natural resources
51
Early Middle Ages
Period of history from 500 AD to 1000 AD
52
Archaeology
Study of historic people and cultures by looking at what they left behind.
53
Ivory Bangle Lady
A woman of African heritage buried in England with jewellery including an ivory
bangle
54
Roman Britain
The period of British history when it was part of the Roman Empire.
55
Empire
A group of states or countries that are ruled over by a single monarch or government
56
Germanic
People or language from northern Europe eg. Germany, Netherlands.
57
Century
A one hundred year period of history.
58
Wessex
The most powerful of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms between the 5th - 10th
Century.
59
Domination
This is the exercise of power or influence over someone or something. This could
mean the control of a country by another
60
Anglo-Saxons
These were the Germanic inhabitants of England. They controlled England from the
5th Century until the Norman Conquest.
61
King Alfred of Wessex
Also known as Alfred the Great. He united the 7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 9th
century
62
Scandinavia
The term used for the lands of modern day Denmark, Norway and Sweden
63
Viking
A person from Scandinavia who settled in Northern England, they lived in Danelaw
after 878AD.
64
Danelaw
An area of land in Northern England where the Vikings settled. This was awarded to
them by Alfred the Great after the 878 invasion on Wessex
65
Archbishop
This is the senior bishop and principle leader of the Church of England. He leads the
Church of England on behalf of the king or queen who is the head of the Church of
England.
66
Barons
These were the lowest order of British nobility and often referred to as 'Lord'. They
were often important and powerful people in society and in business
67
Touch Pieces
Coins or medals that had been touched by the king, believed to cure disease, bring
good luck or influence people. Due to their permanent power they often became
amulets
68
Treaty
This is a formal agreement between two or more states/countries. They will often
involve terms or conditions that the losing state/country is required to agree to
69
Plough
This was a large farming implement that turned over soil and created furrows ready
for seeds to be planted. In the Medieval period they were usually made of wood and
pulled by oxen.
70
Ottoman
The name of the Muslim empires in the Middle East that thrived during the Middle
Ages.
71
Emma of Normandy
She was married to King Aethelred and King Cnut. Her son was Edward the
Confessor. She was a hugely influential woman in the Medieval period due to her
position.
72
Harthacnut
This was the son of Emma of Normandy and King Cnut. He was King of England
from 1040-1042.
73
Normans
From the Normandy area of France, the name comes from Northmen as they are
descended from Vikings
74
Edward the Confessor
King of England from 1042-1066, he earned his nickname because he confessed his
sins regularly. His death led to the succession crisis of 1066.
75
Heir
This means next in line to the throne, however the chosen person, usually a man in
the Medieval period does not need to be a relative, they can be picked by the king.
76
Harold Hardraada
This was the Viking King of Norway. He claimed to have been promised the throne by
Harthacnut and said he was related to the last Viking king of England King Cnut.
77
William the Conqueror
This man was related to Edward the Confessor through Edward's mother Emma of
Normandy. He claimed that Edward had promised him the throne when Edward was
exiled in France.
78
Harold Godwinson
Powerful English noble married to Edward’s sister. Claimed the Edward had
promised him the throne
79
Earls
This was a powerful Anglo-Saxon nobleman, they ranked below a duke but above a
baron. They were extremely powerful in English society
80
Contenders
This is a person who competes with another to achieve something. For example in
1066 there were three of these who claimed they should be the next king.
81
Feudal System
This was the system introduced by William the Conqueror to organise society. It was
a political, military and social system that was based on land holding for a fee and
promises to the king.
82
Feigned Retreat
This was the tactic used by William the Conqueror and the Normans during the battle
of Hastings that drew the Anglo-Saxons off of Senlac Hill.
83
Archers
This was a group of trained soldiers in the army who fired arrows at the enemy.
84
Hierarchy
This is a system in which members of an organisation or society are ranked
according to their status.
85
Housecarls
This was the name given to the Anglo-Saxons that were well trained professional
soldiers.
86
Shield Wall
This was the tactic used by the Anglo-Saxons at the top of Senlac Hill during the
Battle of Hastings. It involved overlapping shields to form a tight wall that the enemy
could not penetrate
87
Harrying of the North
This was when William the Conqueror led campaigns in North England to put down
rebellions led by the Anglo-Saxons.
88
Motte & Bailey
These were the first castles built in England. They were built by William of Normandy
and made from wood so could be erected quickly.
89
Bayeux Tapestry
An embroidered piece of fabric made in 1077 by Bishop Odo, William the
Conqueror's brother. it depicts events of the Battle of Hastings from the Normans
perspective.
90
Peasant
This was a person who owned or rented a small piece of land to grow crops and keep
animals. They were the lowest members of society.
91
Trade Route
A long distance route along which commercial goods are transported. During the
Medieval period this was between Asia and Europe.
92
Marco Polo
This man was an Italian merchant, explorer and writer. He spent many years living in
China and travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295.
93
Silk
A rare textile that is used to make clothes. It was only found in the Far East. This was
a luxurious item and in the Medieval period rich people wanted clothes made of this
94
Mongols
These were nomadic people from Mongolia. They were very warlike people. In the
Medieval period they had one of the largest contiguous land empires which began in
central Asia
95
Alexander the Great
He was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He was one of the greatest
military leaders and built an empire ranging from Greece to India.
96
Islam
The main belief of the Middle East. Muslims believe that Prophets spread the word of
God. In the Middle Ages this religion was spread using the Silk Road.
97
Slaves
This was when one person was owned by another person and they were forced to
work with no pay and obey their 'master'
98
Zheng He
This man was a Chinese explorer who travelled as far as Africa and the Red Sea. He
led China to become 'the world's most important crossroads of trade'.
99
Ibn Battuta
A Moroccan Muslim explorer who travelled all over the world. These included Muslim
and non-Muslim lands. Many of his travels took him along the Silk Road
100
Buddhism
A religion from Asia based on wisdom and self control. From the first century AD it
spread rapidly along the Silk Road and was often spread by the merchants.
