History and Civics Revision Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a hierarchy? Explain the hierarchy of Feudal Europe.
Hierarchy describes a system that organizes or ranks things, often according to power or importance.
Explain a type of hierarchy that exists in Australia
in Australia, and we vote to elect representatives to each of these levels: federal, state or territory and local.
Who was William the Conqueror and why was he significant individual for/in england?
William the Conqueror (1028–1087) was the Duke of Normandy who became the King of England in 1066 after winning the Battle of Hastings. William’s reign marked the start of a new era in England, influencing its political, legal, and cultural development.
When was the Battle of Hastings and why was it important?
The Battle of Hastings took place on October 14, 1066. William the Conqueror defeated King Harold II, The battle was a turning point in English history, laying the foundation for medieval England.
When did the BD arrive in Europe? Explain why the disease became known as the Black Death?
The Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347. The disease became known as the Black Death because of its horrifying symptoms, including black, gangrenous sores (called buboes) caused by internal bleeding.
Which social group was responsible for spreading the BD and why?
The merchants and traders spread the Black Death because they traveled along trade routes, carrying infected goods and fleas.
Explain how the location of Japan affected the development of its society and customs.
Japan’s location as an island protected it from invasions and allowed for unique cultural development, including Shinto religion and samurai traditions.
Describe the rights that each daimyo received from the shogun, and what responsibilities he had in return.
Daimyo were granted land, control over local samurai, and autonomy in their domains. In return, they owed loyalty, military support, and taxes to the shogun.
Explain why Japanese craftspeople and merchants were seen as being lower on the social hierarchy than peasant farmers
Farmers were valued for providing essential food, while craftspeople and merchants were seen as less important because they didn’t directly produce necessities like food.
In your own words define the word bushido. list three qualities that were demanded under the bushido code
Bushido means “the way of the warrior.” It was the code of conduct for samurai, emphasizing honor and discipline.
Three qualities under Bushido:
Loyalty
Courage
Respect
Identify the three branches of government.
Legislative: Makes laws (Parliament).
Executive: Enforces laws (Prime Minister, Cabinet, Governor-General).
Judicial: Interprets laws (Courts).
Identify what is meant by the separation of powers
It divides government powers among the three branches to prevent any one branch from having too much control.
Identify the five fundamental freedoms that underpin Australia’s representative democracy.
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of association
Freedom of movement
Freedom of assembly
Why is the rule of law important in a democratic system.
It ensures that everyone, including the government, is subject to the law, protecting fairness and justice in democracy.
Identify the two houses of the Australian parliament
House of Representatives (lower house).
Senate (upper house).
Democracy
Government by the people, through voting.
Constitution
The set of rules for how a country is governed.
burden of proof
The obligation to prove a person guilty. The teaching that everyone is innocent until proven guilty.
referendum
A public vote on a specific issue.
legislature
The branch that makes laws.
judiciary
The branch that interprets and enforces laws.
What is the executive of the Australian Parliament
The Prime Minister and Cabinet (senior ministers).
The Governor-General, who represents the King.
Government departments and agencies.
What were the four types of government in Renaissance Italy? Provide examples of each.
Republics (e.g., Florence) had citizens helping to make decisions; Principalities (e.g., Milan) were ruled by a prince. Papal States e.g. Rome were controlled by the Pope. Kingdoms e.g. Naples) were ruled by a king.
What was humanism, and how did it impact society, politics, and the Church during the Renaissance?
Humanism was the idea of focusing on people’s potential and learning, which changed how people thought about education, government, and the Church.
