History and Systems

Question 1

Plato’s tripartite theory of mind

Answer 1

Soul is comprised of three parts
1. Reason: rational functions used to suppress appetites, the immortal aspect of a person (the charioteer)

2. Spirit: courageous and emotional part of the soul (white horse)
3. Appetite: physical needs (dark horse)

3 types of individuals:
1. Appetitive: workers, slaves
2. Courageous: soldiers
4. Rational: philosopher-kings

Question 2

Freud’s tripartite theory

Answer 2

Id: inherited part of the personality

Ego: who you are, or self

Superego: governed by morals and societal compasses

Question 3

mind-body dualism

Answer 3

Sought to devise a system of explanation of the universe that could not be questioned and developed by self-exploration and observation. (deductive method)

The mind is a “thinking thing:” thing - essence of oneself, doubts, believes, hopes, and thinks
body - the thing that exists: regulates normally bodily functions

Proposed by Decartes: with. mind as seat of consciousness, and body as mechanistic

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

Positivistic
We can only accept something to be true if it is measurable (rejected internal mental processes)
First force of humanistic psychology
Aristotle’s law was a precursor

Question 5

Existential Psychology

Answer 5

Humanistic psychology

Stressed the meaning of human existence, the freedom of choice, and the uniqueness of each individual. The most important aspect of humans is the personal, subjective interpretations of life and the choices made in light of those interpretations

Question 6

Structuralism vs Functionalism

Answer 6

Structuralism sought to explain what the mind is, Functionalism sought to explain how the mind works and operates

Question 7

Structuralism

Answer 7

Titchener
Structure of the mind
Trained introspection, sensations/images/affection/quality/duration/intensity/clearness/breadth
context provides meaning

Question 8

Functionalism

Answer 8

(ACT)
Processes of the brain, rather than contents
All mental processing are aimed at performing a function (judging, doubting, loving, hoping, hating)
Emotional component which we attach to the object
Intentionality: process in which we incorporate the environment into a thinking process

Question 9

Eugenics

Answer 9

Encourage selective breeding to create the most enlightened race

Sought to prevent those with disabilities from procreating (sterilization)

encourage breeding between “superior” individuals

decrease funding for tx of the disabled, including the mentally ill

(Holocaust- killing 70,000 “unfit” people)

Question 10

Aaron Beck and Cognitive Behavioral models

Answer 10

negative views about oneself (i am worthless) -> negative views about the world (everybody hates me because i am worthless) -> negative views about the future (i’ll never be good at anything because everyone hates me) ->

Question 11

Gestalt psychology (the earlier version based on perceptual experience)

Answer 11

Experiencing the present moment

Our personalities, experiences, and expectations lead to hypotheses that are made from interpreting sensory information

Question 12

Phrenology

Answer 12

Pseudoscience: Process of observing/feeling the skull (bumps/shape) to determine an individual’s psychological attributions/personality