History Chapter 19-21 Test Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
growing just enough food to meet personal needs
A
Subsistence Farming
2
Q
the most critical factor for advancement of a nutrition
A
Mastery of food supply
3
Q
created the mechanical reaper
A
Cyrus McCormick
4
Q
work was done in homes or small, private shops
A
Domestic System
5
Q
a large number of people employed to produce manufactured goods in a systematic way for wages
A
Factory System
6
Q
wages as compared to the cost of living
A
Real Wages
7
Q
The _________ Revolution began in England’s textile factories
A
Industrial
8
Q
created the flying shuttle
A
John Kay
9
Q
created the spinning mule
A
Samuel Crompton
10
Q
enabled landholders to control the breeding of their livestocks
A
Enclosure Movement
11
Q
created the practical, coal-burning steam engine
A
James Watt
12
Q
What year did James Watt create the steam engine?
A
1776
13
Q
created the first cotton gin
A
Eli Whitney
14
Q
What year did Eli Whitney create the cotton gin?
A
1793
15
Q
created a miner’s safety lamp
A
Sir Humphry Davy
16
Q
created the process of converting iron into steel
A
Henry Bessemer & William Kelly
17
Q
allowed for easier & faster commercial transportation
A
The Erie & Suez Canal
18
Q
invented the 1st steam-powered locomotive in 1814
A
George Stephenson
19
Q
invented the internal combustion engine
A
Gottlieb Daimler
20
Q
perfected the 1st modern automobile in 1896
A
Henry Ford
21
Q
invented the first transatlantic cable
A
Cyrus Field
22
Q
invented the electric telegraph
A
Samuel Morse
23
Q
discovered the germ theory of disease in 1864
A
Louis Pasteur
24
Q
developed the antiseptics for clean germs after surgery
A
Joseph Lister
25
developed the 1st vaccine for smallpox in 1796
Edward Jenner
26
created the atomic theory
John Dalton
27
invented the diesel engine (to power larger vehicles)
Rudolph Diesel
28
invented the 1st working telephone in 1816
Alexander Graham Bell
29
considered one of the greatest inventors of all time (light bulbs)
Thomas Edison
30
America’s economic growth can be attributed to its economic system of _________.
Capitalism
31
Main Characteristics of a Capitalist (free enterprise) economy:
1. Private ownership of production
2. Investment are made by private citizens
3. Prices and production of goods are based on the economy not the government
4. GNP (Gross National Product) is usually high
32
founded and owned the largest steel company in the world in the late 1800’s (Gospel of Wealth)
Andrew Carnegie
33
known for banking
J.P. Morgan
34
donating money to social causes to help less fortunate people
Philanthropy
35
Wrote Wealth of Nations; Largely responsible for the Rise and Success of Capitalism in America
Adam Smith
36
Victoria became the Queen of England at _______.
18 years old
37
What was Queen VIctoria's Resolution?
"I will be good."
38
Victoria ruled for ____; which was the longest ruling monarch in English history
64 years
39
_______ of the earth's surface belonged to the British Empire; "The Sun never sets on the British empire."
25%
40
prime consort of England; Victoria’s husband
Prince Albert
41
“the right to vote”; by the late 1800s, all adult males gained suffrage in England
Suffrage
42
middle class of England
Liberals
43
Who were the middle class (Liberals) of England represented by?
William Gladstone
44
upper class of England
Conservatives
45
Who were the upper class (Conservatives) of England represented by?
Benjamin Disraeli
46
the “Prince of Preaches” who started the Metropolitan Tabernacle Church in London; the best-known preacher of Victorian England
Charles Spurgeon
47
best known preacher in America during the Victorian Age (preached throughout England as well)
D.L. Moody
48
cricket player who surrendered to missions
G.T. Studd
49
missionary to China in the 1800s; founded the CIM (China Inland Mission)
J. Hudson Taylor
50
negotiated a treaty for trade between America & Japan
Matthew Perry
51
one of the 1st missionaries to the interior of Japan
"Joseph Hardy" Neesima
52
created the modern nursing profession for England during the Crimean War (1854-1856)
Florence Nightingale
53
1st Baptist missionary to Japan; invented the rickshaw
Johnathan Goble
53
German missionary to England known for building orphanages and his strong prayers
George Muller
54
founder of the Salvation Army in England (1878)
William Booth
55
offered food, shelter, & the gospel to inner-city making men
YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association)
56
England and their allies vs. Russia; England won and stopped in the expansion of war
Crimean War
57
the establishment of colonies in an empire to benefit the empire
Imperialism
58
Britain's Reason for Expansion:
1. Economic Growth (GOLD)
2. Religious Outreach (GOD)
3. Patriotic Pride (GLORY)
59
Most of England’s growth came through ________ not war
Diplomacy
60
Powerful trade company that fought and gained control of India (great tool for British settlement)
East India Company
61
a rebellion that started in the British control
Sepoy Rebellion
62
translated the Bible into over 40 Indian languages and dialects and helped improve Indian education and civilization
William Carey
63
worked for years to rescue young Indian girls from a life of prostitution in the pagan temples and to bring them to Christ.
Amy Carmichael
64
1st European to cross the Sahara Desert; also discovered Lake Chad
Hugh Claperton
65
most famous missionary explorer of Africa; discovered Victoria Falls
David Livingstone
66
American explorer sent to find Livingstone; later he became a missionary explorer
Henry Stanley
67
founded in 1847 as the 1st independent African republic
Liberia
68
missionaries who helped the founding and settling of Liberia
Lott Carey & Colin Teague
69
What were the South African Dutch Farmers called?
Boers
70
The Boers moved North (“Great Trek”) and established the ________ and ________.
Orange Free State & Transvaal
71
war between the Boers and England
Boer War (1899)
72
Australia was discovered and explored by _____ in the 1700s
James Cook
73
increased the population of Australia by 800%
The Australian Gold Rush (1851)
74
the natives of Australia
Aborigines
75
natives of New Zealand
Maoris
76
association of nations that recognizes the British monarch as their symbolic head
British Commonwealth of Nation
77
England & Ireland’s main source of tension was _____.
Religion
78
Queen Victoria’s son, who ruled from 1901-1910
Edward VII
79
popularized the theory of evolution in 1859; widely accepted in England by the 1900s
Charles Darwin
80
government control of the nation’s resources and finances; “the greatest happiness for the greatest number”
Socialism
81
the false teaching that the Bible is not God’s Word but stories & myths
Modernism
82
the “right” of the people to rebel against governments & form their own; usually leads to anarchy
Revolutionary Nationalism
83
all truth can be changed or altered
Relativism
84
2 opposing views (thesis & antithesis) will logically come to a correct conclusion (synthesis); founded by G.W.F. Hegel
Dialectic Thinking
85
elies on emotions & intelligence to “find God”
Religious Liberalism
86
Father of Theological Liberalism
Friedrich Schleiermacher
87
questioning the authenticity, truth, & accuracy of the Bible
Higher Criticism
88
Romantic movement that began in France & Germany
The Romantic Period
89
5 English poets that dominated the Romantic Period
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Lord Byron, Shelley, & Keats
90
Famous French Romanticists
Victor Hugo & Delacroix
91
Famous German Romanticists
Goethe & Wagner
92
false idea that God is not separate from nature but nature is God
Pantheism
93
a European meeting to fix the political & border issues caused by the Napoleonic Wars led by Prince von Metternich (“Prince of Diplomats”)
Congress of Vienna
94
Austria, Prussia, Russia, Great Britain, & France formed the ______
Quintuple Alliance
95
led several Latin American nations to independence; by 1825, most of Latin America was free from European rule
Simon Bolivar ("The Liberator")
96
In 1823, President Monroe stated that European involvement in Latin America was not allowed, this is called the ______.
Monroe Doctrine
97
king after Napoleon’s fall & the re-established monarchy
Louis XVIII
98
overthrew Charles X because France became dissatisfied with its weak government
July Revolution
99
King of Belgium; his successor Leopold II is remembered for colonizing the Congo
Leopold I
100
France deposed Louis Philippe & Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) was elected “president”
Revolution of 1848 (June Days Revolution)
101
attempted to lead a French-supported revolution in Mexico; it failed and he was executed
Archduke Maximilian of Austria
102
nicknamed “Young Italy”
Giuseppe Mazzini
103
leader of the Red Shirts
Giuseppe Garibaldi
104
first king of a united Italy
Victor Imanuel II
105
strongest German state in the Confederation led by Otto von Bismarck
Prussia
106
Germany won & was united as a nation under King Wilhelm in 1871
Franco-Prussian War
107
era when Germany became a powerful industrial & military nation under Bismarck
Era of Bismarck
108
dismissed Bismarck & expanded Germany’s borders
Wilhelm II
109
strengthened the German navy
Admiral von Tirpitz
110
split itself into the Austro-Hungarian Empire; this is a dual monarchy (1 monarch leading 2 nations)
Austria
111
led the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Francis Joseph I
112
sought to forcibly establish a more “democratic” system in France
Paris Commune
113
reconciled differences between France & Great Britain
Entente Cordiale
114
alliance between France, Great Britain, & Russia
Triple Entente
115
emphasized the founding of utopian (“perfect”) communities in with socialist ideas could be tried
Utopian Socialism
116
advocated “democratic socialism”; from each according to his ability, to each according to his need
Louis Blanc
