History Chapter 19 Vocab

Question 1

Superpower

Answer 1

A nation stronger than other powerful nations

Question 2

Cold War

Answer 2

State of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States on one side and the Soviet Union on the other that rarely led to direct armed conflict.

Question 3

Truman Doctrine

Answer 3

United States policy, established in 1947, of trying to contain the spread of communism.

Question 4

Containment

Answer 4

The U.S. strategy of limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet Union control.

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

Massive aid package offered by the U.S. to Europe to help countries rebuild after WW2.

Question 6

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 6

A military alliance between several North Atlantic states to safeguard them from the presumed threat of the Soviet Union’s communist bloc; countries from other regions later joined the alliance.

Question 7

Warsaw Pact

Answer 7

Mutual-defense alliance between the Soviet Union and seven satellites in Eastern Europe set up in 1955.

Question 8

Détente

Answer 8

The relaxation of Cold War tensions during the 1970s.

Question 9

Ideology

Answer 9

System of thought and belief

Question 10

Interdependence

Answer 10

Mutual dependence of countries on goods, resources, labor, and knowledge from other parts of the world.

Question 10

Recession

Answer 10

Decline in economic growth for six or more years months in a row.

Question 11

Segregation

Answer 11

Force separation by race, sex, religion, or ethnicity.

Question 12

Discrimination

Answer 12

Unequal treatment or barriers

Question 13

Welfare State

Answer 13

A country with a market economy but with increased government responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people.

Question 14

European Union (EU)

Answer 14

An international organization made up of over two dozen European nations and dedicated to establishing free trade among its members, with a common currency and common policies and laws.

Question 15

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 15

The total value of all goods and services produced in a nation within a particular year.

Question 16

Collectivization

Answer 16

The forced joining together of workers and property into collectives, such as rural collectives that absorb peasants and their land.

Question 17

Great Leap Forward (GLF)

Answer 17

A Chinese Communist program in the late 1960s to purge China of non revolutionary tendencies that caused economic and social damage.

Question 18

38th Parallel

Answer 18

An imaginary line making 38 degrees of latitude, particularly the line across the Korean Peninsula, dividing Soviet forces to the north and American forces to the south after WWII.

Question 19

Pusan Perimeter

Answer 19

A defensive line around the city of Pusan, in the southeast corner of Korea, held by South Korea and United Nations forces in 1950 during the Korean War; marks the farthest advance of North Korean forces.

Question 20

Demilitarized Zone

Answer 20

A thin band of territory across the Korean Peninsula separating North Korean forces from South Korean forces; established by the armistice of 1953.

Question 21

Guerrilla

Answer 21

A soldier in a loosely organized force making surprise raids

Question 22

Dien Bien Phu

Answer 22

Small town and former French army base in northern Vietnam; site of the battle that ended in a Vietnamese victory, the French withdrawal from Vietnam, and the securing of North Vietnam’s independence.

Question 23

Domino Theory

Answer 23

The belief that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism, like a row of dominoes

Question 24

Viet Cong

Answer 24

Communist rebels in South Vietnam who sought to overthrow South Vietnam’s government; received assistance from North Vietnam.