History Exam Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Whos in the Triple Entente and what is it
A
- Great Britain, France, and Russia
- The nucleus of the Allied Powers in World War I
2
Q
What is the triple alliance and who’s in it
A
Secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
3
Q
What are bluebirds
A
- The nursing women that worked in the war
- They worked in the support trenches behind the front lines and medically helps people
- They called them bluebirds because they wore a blue uniform
4
Q
Who were the women who served overseas
A
Many women who knew how to drive volunteered to go overseas to serve as ambulance and truck drivers or mechanics
5
Q
What is rationing and why
A
- Rationing of all resources between everyone
- This was to ensure soldiers fighting overseas had enough food, red meat, white flour and white sugar
6
Q
The invasion of which country started WWI?
A
This began with the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary. This invasion was in response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian Serb nationalist. Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, which led to a series of mobilizations and declarations of war involving multiple countries, eventually escalating into a full-scale global conflict
7
Q
What is the war guilt clause
A
This forced Germany to accept complete responsibility for initiating world war I. Germany had to make enormous reparation payments
8
Q
What is the convoy system and why
A
- A group of ships sailing together for protection, was designed to help protect cargo in passenger ships during the First and Second World War. The system was created out of desperation.
- It was needed to protect cargo being shipped overseas from attacks from german navy or U-boats
9
Q
What is conscription and why’d we need it?
A
- conscription forced all male citizens between the ages of 16 and 45 to serve in the military until the end of World War I
- to fill empty spaces in the armed forces which could not be filled through voluntary means. We need it to have a stronger military and without it britain would have been much too weak
10
Q
How did Canadians feel about conscription and what were the problems with it?
A
- French-Canadians, as well as many farmers, unionized workers, non-British immigrants, and other Canadians, generally opposed the measure. Especially young kids as they did not wanna got lose their lives in battle when they still have so much life to live
- Caused in 1917 one of the biggest debates in Canadian history. This was tearing our nation apart and as a young country should have been coming together not tearing apart due to opinions
11
Q
What is prohibition and what was the intention
A
- Prohibition in the 1920s was a period in the United States from 1920 to 1933 during which the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were banned
- The intention was to reduce crime and social problems, but it led to a rise in organized crime, illegal speakeasies, and widespread disregard for the law.
12
Q
First female senator
A
In the 1920s, Canada’s first female Senator was Cairine Wilson. She was appointed to the Senate on February 15, 1930, by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King
13
Q
Who were the famous five and what are they known for
A
- The “Famous Five” were five Canadian women—Emily Murphy, Irene Parlby, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, and Henrietta Muir Edwards—who fought for women’s rights in the 1920s
- They are best known for their successful campaign in the “Persons Case” of 1929, which established that women could be appointed to the Canadian Senate, recognizing them as “persons” under the law
14
Q
Invention of insulin
A
- The invention of insulin is credited to Dr. Frederick Banting and his assistant, Charles Best, in 1921. Working at the University of Toronto, they successfully isolated insulin
- This groundbreaking discovery provided a life-saving treatment for diabetes, transforming it from a fatal disease to a manageable condition
- Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for their work on insulin.
15
Q
What were some new inventions in the 1920’s
A
- Automobiles and Radios
- The 1920s saw a burst of technological innovation and the introduction of many new inventions that had a significant impact on daily life
16
Q
What is the Indian act, was it criticized and why?
A
The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law that governs the legal status, rights, and services of Indigenous peoples (First Nations) in Canada, including defining Indian status, managing reserves, and governing Indigenous affairs
It has been criticized for its historical assimilationist policies and continues to be a topic of debate and reform efforts.
17
Q
What are Flappers and how did they demonstrate themselves
A
- young women who rebelled against traditional norms of the time, embracing a lifestyle that was unconventional and characterized by a sense of freedom and independence
- This was shown through their bold fashion, behavior, and pursuit of independence, symbolizing the spirit of the Roaring Twenties
18
Q
What is the persons case
A
The Persons Case refers to a pivotal legal case in Canada during the 1920s. It aimed to establish whether women could be considered “persons” eligible for appointment to the Senate under the British North America Act of 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867)
19
Q
Buying on Credit, the bad things it caused
A
- People bought a lot of expensive things on credit and couldn’t pay it back
- In the 1920’s canadians were encourage to “Buy now pay later”
- You only needed a small down payment to purchase large expensive goods so people bought a lot that they couldn’t necessarily afford, also they didn’t actually own anything
- People even bought stocks on credit which was dumb
- When people lost jobs and wages went down (after 1930), companies repossessed many goods and they could not afford to pay back their stocks, people lost everything
20
Q
What is the On-to-Ottawa Trek
A
- April 1935, workers in BC camp staged a walkout and demanded better working conditions and wages, they hopped on trains and hitched rides to vancouver, desiring gto take theri case to PM Bennett in ottawa.
- 1500 men gathered and began their trek to ottawa, collecting money, food and support for regular canadians on the way, who supported their cause
21
Q
Universal Healthcare - Tommy Douglas
A
- Member of The CCF and elected MP in 1935
- Named the Greatest Canadian by CBC in 2004
- Premier of Saskatchewan, during this time he most importantly he created Universal Free Healthcare for all of Canada
- It started in saskatchewan then progressed to the rest of canada
22
Q
RB Bennet - What did he do, tell me about him
A
- The 11th prime minister of canada
- He became PM in 1930 and the conservatives promised to fix the depression
- He was in power during most of the depression
- He was seen as cold or uncaring, he made the bank of canada, and public work and relief
23
Q
What is the Statuate of Westminster, what did it do, who was involved etc
A
- The Statute of Westminster, passed in 1931, was a key piece of legislation that granted full legislative independence to the dominions of the British Empire
- This included including Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa
- It marked a significant step towards sovereignty, allowing these countries to make their own laws without British approval and confirming their status as equal members of the Commonwealth
24
Q
What is appeasement, did it work?
A
- Appeasement is the action of giving into someone provided their demands are seen as reasonable, This usually happened so people wouldn’t go into war, and so it would cause less conflicts but that did not work
- DID NOT WORK: When Neville chamberlain became the PM of britain in 1937 he declared that gave into hitlers demands would prevent another war, he was wrong. WE SEE THIS IN STUENLAND CRISIS OF 1938
25
Info about Hitler, the Sudetenland and Appeasement
The treaty of Versailles reclaimed land from Germany to make czechoslovakia. Hitler demanded the sudetenland in September 1938 Chzekslovakia adamantly refused and called on the Allies for help. Without a response hilters demand became an ultimatum. “Give me this land or war”. THe allies conveined in munich where the sudeten crisis was to be resolved
26
What was the result of this
The resulting munich agreement asked hitelr to only take the sudetenland and nothing more. THE IDEA WAS TO APPEASE HITLER SO NOTHING “BAD” WOULD HAPPEN. Germany was given the sudetenland with the promise to not invade the rest of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia however was not permitted to attend the conference. Hitler violated the Munich agreement later by invading the rest of Czechoslovakia in march 1939.
27
"The night of the broken glass"
- Kristallnacht
- German synagogues were burned, windows in jewish shops were smashed, some 100 jews were killed and thousands more arrested, 8000 business and homes looted, from 1933 to 1939, hundreds of thousands of Jews who were able to leave Germany did, while those who remained lived in a constant state of uncertainty and fear
28
What was the purpose of NATO
The purpose was a collective defence treaty (an attack against one member is considered an attack against all)
- NATO vs Warsaw Pact
29
Define Genocide
Systematic and deliberate attempt to kill all members of another group
30
What does NATO stand for
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
31
When was NATO formed
1949
32
Who were the original members of NATO
USA, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
33
Canada and NATO
- Along with US Canada is a founding member
- Nato has benefited canada by: Having access to advanced military equipment and has developed trading relationships and business opportunities with other Nato Countries, HOWEVER, being apart of NATO has involved Canada in several conflicts
34
What does NORAD stand for
North American Air/Aerospace Defense Command
35
What is NORAD
a bi-national military organization established by the United States and Canada in 1958
36
Why was NORAD created, what did it do
- Due to long range missiles IBM (intercontinental Ballistic Missiles) - Canada and the USA created the NORAD agreement in 1958
- US and Canada agreed to defend each other
- The DEW (distant early warning system) line was established in the NWT’s
- High powered radar could detect air attacks from far distances
- New Technologies (atomic bombs) Demanded better defensive strategies
37
What was the ARMS Race
- Nations around the world try to build and gain there own weapons, basically it was an actual race on who could build the best nuke
- Nations around the world tried to build and gain their own weapons
- An arms race started when the USSR had the bomb in 1945
- Alliances in the cold war caused a result of an arms race to began, whereby each alliance tries to outdo each other militarily
38
Battles of ww1 in order
- Ypres
- Somme
- Vimy Ridge
- Passchendaele
39
SOVIET UNION, UNITED STATES
- US and Soviet Union were the SUPERPOWERS
- Each wanted to prove their superiority, causing an arms race where each alliance tries to outdo each other militarily
40
When did Battle of Ypres happen and where
- First battle of Ypres, Oct 19 1915 to Nov 22 1914
- Second battle, April 22 1915 to May 15 1915
- Ypres Belgium
41
What is the Iron Curtain, why was it made
- The line between Western Europe and Eastern Europe was named the “iron curtain”
- The USSR had fought the NAzis out of Eastern Europe and wanted a buffer zone between them and the rest of Europe… these were called satellite states (poland, east germany, hungary, romania etc). Communist governments were installed in these countries and their people could not leave or communicate with the outside world
42
What was the main thing that happened in Ypres
- First time poisonous gas was used, April 1915. This gas burned peoples eyes and lungs and causes people to choke to death. The french front lines were hit hard by this gas so Canadians were sent in as reinforcements.
- Both sides then started equipping there soldiers with the knew discovered weapon: Chlorine gas witch got stronger as the war went on
- The gas was not as effective as hoped and usually disappeared quickly and if the wind suddenly changed it could harm their own soldiers.
- As soon as the Canadian soldiers arrived in europe they were sent to help with the war in Ypres, Belgium
43
What is DIEFENBAKER - the bill of rights, what did it recognize
- John Diefenbaker, Canada's 13th Prime Minister, introduced the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960 as a landmark piece of legislation to protect civil liberties and human rights at the federal level
- The Bill recognized fundamental freedoms such as religion, speech, and assembly, as well as legal rights like due process
44
Casualties in Ypres
- Allies suffered over 250,000 casualties
- 6000 Canadian casualties
45
Who is John Deifenbaker
- John Diefenbaker, Canada's 13th Prime Minister
46
What was the Canadians Task in Ypres
The Canadiens task was to hold 3.5km of the line against heavy german attack
47
48
When did the battle of Somme happen and where
July 1 1916 to November 18 1916
- Somme France
49
What is the Somme known as
“The big Push” (Das blutbad)
50
Casualties in the Somme
This was the deadliest battle with 1,250,000 casualties on both sides (600,000 in britain and 24,000 Canadians). One of the largest battles in ww1 and in history
51
What was the significant thing that happened in Somme
- Tanks were used for the first time in history on September 15. These tanks were developed but the British army.
- 45 kilometer front
- The Allied or British forces sacrificed all those people and only gained 554 square kilometers
- When British troops advanced they found that a lot of German defenses had not been terminated or destroyed like it was said, resulting in high casualties for Britain and little progress.
- The first battle fought mostly by britiains new volonteer army
52
Who won
- Britain and France won that battle forcing the Germans to retreat back to the Hindenburg years late
- Britain won despite gore and terror
53
What was Vimy Ridge known as and why
"Birth of A Nation"
- Canada did so good in this war that it put a good look on them, because they were a new country
54
When and where was Vimy Ridge
- April 9, 1917 to April 12, 1917
- 530 AM on Monday APril 9th 1917, spanning for two weeks
- Vimy France
55
Significant things in vimy ridge
- Use of mustard gas, this burns skin, respiratory tracts and causes blindness
In preparation for the war they prepared things like 800 tons of ammunition, Roads and railways were built in preparation
- The victory of Vimy Ridge was significant because it was britain’s first victory in 2 and a half years
- This war causes conscription because too many soldiers were dying
- Birth of a Nation
- All Canadians 4 divisions fought under Major General Arthur, Both british and french tried to take over Vimy Ridge and both failed so for the first time they turned to the Canadians for help
- Canadiens had successfully taken over Vimy Ridge
- Gained 30+ kilometres, most gained
56
What is the Creeping Barrage and how was it used in VIMY
The creeping barrage strategy that they used in somme consisted of the british french and canadians slowly creeping forward towards the german trenches before making there full atack
Machine guns carried forward behind the first troops to hold captured positions.
57
When and where did the Battle of Passchendaele happen
1917
- Passchendaele Belgium
58
What was significant about passchendaele
- mud, harsh conditions – so much mud and rain that people drowned
- Trench foot
- Passchendaele has come to symbolize the futility of world war 1
- Historians say Passchendaele confirmed the reputation of the Canadian corps as the finest fighting formation on the western front.
- Mustard gas was used alot in this war, mustard gas could burn through your clothes, lungs and body parts
59
Conditions in the trenches, passchendaele mainly
- Their were bodies in the trenches that none of the side could clear because of all the mud
- Soldiers came down from their posts at the end of their shifts and were pushed into their underground chicken-wire bunk
- There was a powerful that took out trees and destroyed landscapes
- Trench foot
60
Casualties in Passchendaele
- During this war the British, Australian and New Zealand forces tried to attack the Germans and failed with around 100,000 casualties.
- 15,654 soldiers were wounded or killed
61
What is the War time elections act
- The War Time Elections Act of 1917 was a pivotal piece of Canadian legislation during World War I, primarily aimed at expanding voting rights. It granted Canadian soldiers serving overseas the right to vote, irrespective of age or residency requirements, and extended this right to female relatives back home
- it also controversially disenfranchised "enemy aliens," sparking debates over fairness and inclusion
62
What were the causes of the Great Depression
- Buying on credit
- Dependence on staple products
- High Tarrifs
- Ties to the US
63
Buying on credit
- People bought a lot of expensive things on credit and couldn't pay it back
- In the 1920’s canadians were encourage to “Buy now pay later”
- You only needed a small down payment to purchase large expensive goods so people bought a lot that they couldn't necessarily afford, also they didn't actually own anything
- People even bought stocks on credit which was dumb
- When people lost jobs and wages went down (after 1930), companies repossessed many goods and they could not afford to pay back their stocks, people lost everything
64
Dependence on Staple products
- During the 1920’s Canada's economy relied heavily on the export of a few primary products (staple products like wheat, fish, minerals, pulp and paper)
- If international demand for the goods declined, (canada was doomed)
- Secondary industries (ex flour mills) suffered, railway industries suffered and farmers lost money
- In the late 1920’s wheat prices fell as there was a surplus of what. There were also droughts that caused wheat crops to fail. There were also severe dust storms called “dust Bowls” causing agricultural damage to the prairies from 1930 to 1936. These all combined caused very hard times in the agricultural industry
65
High Tariffs
- European countries needed canadian goods to rebuild after ww1
- European countries were heavily in debt after WW1, and to protect their economies, europe placed high tariffs on imports
- Other countries placed tariffs on each other in results
- Because the tariffs were so high people couldn't buy from each other
- The goal was to encourage them to shop locally but it ended up hurting the economy
- Result: Trade between nations slowed down chocking international trade and any opportunity to decrease the amount of goods in stockpiled warehouses; items and goods became worthless
66
Ties to the US
- During the 1920’s canada's economy grew closer to the US and further from Britain’s
- 65% of imports came from the Us and 40% of exports were sent to the us
- When the American economy got sick canadas suffered. Industry in the United States collapsed, there was no market for canadian exports.
- We were so connected that it was a snowball effect on each other's suffering economies, it was so hard to come back because our both suffering escalated the problem
67
Canadian Pension Plan
established in 1927 and expanded in the early 1930s, aimed to provide financial support to elderly Canadians who were particularly vulnerable during the economic downturn
This early version of the CPP laid some foundational aspects for future pension programs in Canada, although it wasn't as comprehensive as the later federal programs established in the 1960s
68
Why did they make the Canadian pension plan, what step did it mark
- In the 1930s, Canada faced economic challenges due to the Great Depression, prompting the government to introduce various social welfare measures, including the Canadian Pension Plan (CPP)
- The 1930s CPP marked a significant step towards recognizing the need for government-supported retirement security in Canada, reflecting broader social welfare developments during the era.
69
Japanese Internement
- In 1939, British Columbia had 22,000 Japanese Canadians, with 75% having residence rights.
- Japanese Canadians faced widespread belief they couldn't assimilate, supported by Prime Minister Mackenzie King.
- After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Canada declared war, leading to heightened fears of Japanese Canadians.
- Despite RCMP assessments of no threat, many Canadians were suspicious of Japanese Canadians.
- The War Measures Act led to the imprisonment of Japanese nationals and Canadian citizens of Japanese descent.
- About 22,000 Japanese Canadians, 90% of the population, were arrested.
- Japanese Canadians were viewed as spies, resulting in high levels of racism.
- They were sent to internment camps or forced into labor, with conditions in the camps poor.
- Families were cramped in huts without electricity or running water.
- Some Japanese Canadians were used for road construction and farm work in remote areas
70
Internement Ends
- In 1945, the canadian government forced Japanese Canadians to either move back Japan losing their Canadian citizenship, or to move to eastern canada
- Even though the war was over, it was illegal for japanese canadians to return to vancouver until 1949
- Public protest would eventually stop the deportations, but not before 4000 japanese left the country
- Internment camps were not formally closed until 1949!
- In 1946, the Japanese property claims commission was set up to restore what was lost - still today many are fighting to receive what they were entitled to after their forced removal
71
Holocaust
- The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II
- The twin goals of racial purity and spatial expansion were the core of Hitlers worldview
- The Holocaust was the systematic genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II.
- Adolf Hitler's ideology focused on racial purity and territorial expansion.
- Approximately 11 million people were killed by the Nazis between 1933 and 1945, targeting Jews, foreign workers, homosexuals, disabled individuals, communists, Gypsies, Poles, and Russian POWs.
- Nazi propaganda portrayed Jews and other "undesirables" as sub-human.
- The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 institutionalized anti-Semitic policies, stripping Jews of citizenship and imposing discriminatory measures.
- Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) in 1938 marked a widespread attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.
- Jews were forced into ghettos, isolated from society in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.
- Concentration camps like Auschwitz were established to contain and ultimately exterminate Jews and others deemed undesirable.
- The Final Solution, implemented in 1941, aimed at the mass extermination of Jews through gas chambers and other methods.
- The Holocaust ended with the liberation of camps by Allied forces in 1945, leaving a legacy of profound trauma and the pursuit of justice through sharing survivor stories and remembrance efforts.
72
Stages of the Holocaust
- Anti Semitism
- Stripping of Rights/Discrimination
- Segregation (Ghettos)
- Concentration Camps
- Final Solution
73
How many Deaths in the holocaust
11 million people were murdered by the Naxis between 1933 and 1945
74
What is The Aryan Race, what is Arynization
- Master Race or Aryans were above all others, blond blue eyes
- would take place over the next 6 years. This process included dismissing non Aryans from civil service, liquidating Jewish-owned business, stripping Jewish lawyers and doctors of their clients
75
United Nations Formed
- A new global alliance
- Created because we didn't want to have ww3, because nuclear weapons exist
- Because of how bad the holocaust was, they couldn't believe it was real and they never want someone like that to happen again
- Created so no one is discriminated against and so everything runs smoothly
- UN formed: The league of nations was a failure and needed to be replaced as it failed to keep peace in the world
- In 1945, 50 nations met to set up the united nations
76
UN General Assembly vs Security Council
General assembly:
- All UN nations are members
- Allows members to discuss issues, international laws
Security Council:
- Determines when armed forces are sent ans settles arguments
- 5 permanent members
77
Who were the 5 permanent members in the security council of the UN, what are the others
US, russia, china, britain, france, they each have a veto over any action
- 10 other rotating members, each serving a 2 year term
78
What's the charter of rights and freedoms, what does it include, what does it aim to do?
- The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, enacted in 1982, is a constitutional document that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians
- It includes protections such as freedom of expression, freedom of religion, the right to equality, and legal rights in criminal and civil matters
- The Charter aims to prevent war, encourage cooperation among nations, defend human rights, to improve living conditions for everyone
79
Trudeaus goal with the rights and freedoms
Trudeau's goal was to ENTRENCH the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
Entrench: In a constitutional sense, to protect and guarantee a right
or freedom by ensuring that it can only be changed by an amendment
to the Constitution
80
Trudeaus just society
81
The UN Charter aims...
Prevent war, encourage cooperation amongst nations
82
Lester B Pearson
- created peacekeeping and helped to create united nations and nato
83
The AVRO arrow
- was a waste of money and so far behind the tech of the soviet union
- The Avro Arrow was a cutting-edge, Canadian-designed and built interceptor aircraft developed in the late 1950s by Avro Canada
84
The Bill of Rights
canada was a part of creation this promised that u couldnt be discriminated against but all laws could override the bill of rights so it doesn't have much power
85
Pierre Trudeaus just society
- a society where all canadians are given equal opportunity
- There was a lot of declared multiculturalism. This is significant because it formally recognized the rights and distinct identities of many different cultures that call Canada home. It reinforced the view that all Canadians had the right to fair and equal treatment. Canada is a multicultural society, where the US is a melting pot.
- He created this environment as prime minister
86
What's the immigration act
refers to various legislative measures enacted by governments to regulate immigration policies and procedures within a country. These acts typically outline criteria for entry, residency, citizenship, and deportation, reflecting national priorities and socio-political considerations related to immigration.
87
Family Class
people sponsored by members of their immediate family who are already permanently residents of canada
88
Economic Class
Economic class: people applying to come to canada on their own initiative, admitted on the basis of their skills, the financial resources there are willing to invest, and the need to the canadian labour market
89
Refugee Class
people who are persecuted in their home countries.
90
What happened when Trudeau was PM
- A society where all canadians have equal opportunity
- When Trudea was prime minister the white paper was released, this suggested ending the federal government's treaty obligations to first nations. It suggested dissolving the federal department of indian affairs and abolishing the indian act
- When Trudeau was prime minister also, the red paper was released which was a counter demand to the white paper. This demanded maintaining a special status to ensure the survival of first nations cultures, providing access to the same services as oher canadians, recognizing the first peoples as “Citizens plus” with unique inalienable rights
91
Conditions in Ghettos in the holocaust
- Ghettos were dirty, filthy places with extreme overcrowding
- Disease was everywhere and food was in very short supply
- Unsanitary, very little food and water and violent
- Largest was the warsaw ghetto, 450,000 people in 1.3 square miles, burlington, oakville and more in the subdivision of corpus
92
More info about ghettos
- German police soon forced tens of thousands of Polish Jews from their homes into ghettos, giving their confiscated properties to ethnic Germans )non-Jews Germany who identified as German), or Germans from the reich
- These ghettos had walls that the jews worked on the construction for
- Jews were forced to live in designated areas called ghettos to isolate them from the rest of society
- 1939, MS St. Louis left hamburg travelled to 6 different countries and denied every time (in Canada too)
93
Canadian contribution in the UN
- Canada was considered a middle power
- Canad played a key role in the drafting of the UN charter and declaration of human rights
- Canada has been a member of the security council 6 times, last bid in january to return (he lost)
- Canada also provides peacekeeping roots
94
What's the Warsaw Pact
- This was created by the soviet union to counteract NATO, they wanted to be better
- This was called in warsaw poland, which is why its called the warsaw pack
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96
Stages of the Holocaust
- Anti Sematism
- Stripping of Rights/discrimination
- Segregation (ghettos)
- Concentration Camps
- Final solution
- Justice and Legacy
97
Anti Sematism Stage
- Hitler hated Jews because of past encounters he had with them
- Hitler and the Nazis ingrained this anti semitism in society through education (hitler youth) and propaganda
- Nazi propaganda portrayed the Nazis as scary and ugly
- Poisonous mushroom book, The Eternal Jew Movie, and other books like that, they kids in the places were forced to read these
98
Stripping of rights/discrimination phase
- JEWISH PEOPLE WERE FORCED TO WEAR THE STAR OF DAVID, so people could see how evil jews are
- Others who were seen as “untermensch” were made to wear these types of badges
- Nazis ussd hatred as a tool to manipuklate and control the German people; anyone apposed would be eliminated
- 1939 Reichstag speech hitler claims “annihilation” (complete destruction or obliteration) of the jewish race
- Nuremberg laws of 1935, introduced on september 15 1935, were anti semitic laws in Nazi Germany that institutionalised many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi ideology, these laws stated that anyone with three r four jewish grandparents was considered a jew, those with two jewish grandparents were designated Mischkinge (half breeds)
- Under these laws the Nuremberg Laws, Jews became routing targets for stigmatisation and persecution
99
What does the Nuremberg law state
- Jews must show that they are Jewish (arm bands that display Star of David) and carry special identification cards
- Loss of citizenship
- Banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews
- Jewish doctors could not practice
- Use of public facilities banned
- Special social rules (walk in gutter, curfews, no bikes, and so on)
- Jewish children not permitted to attend school
100
The Night of the Broken Glass
- Kristallnacht
- German synagogues were burned, windows in jewish shops were smashed, some 100 jews were killed and thousands more arrested, 8000 business and homes looted, from 1933 to 1939, hundreds of thousands of Jews who were able to leave Germany did, while those who remained lived in a constant state of uncertainty and fear
101
Segregation (Ghettos) stage
- Jews were forced to live in designated areas called ghettos to isolate them from the rest of society
- Ghettos were dirty, filthy places with extreme overcrowding
- Disease was everywhere and food was in very short supply
102
Concentration Camps Stage
- First offical concentration camp opened at Dachau in March 1933, and may of the first prisoners sent ther were Communists
- By JUly 1933, German concentration camps held some 27,000 people in “protective custody”
- Concentration camps are being used to contain the undesirables of society
- ARYANIZATION, would take place over the next 6 years. This process included dismissing non Aryans from civil service, liquidating Jewish-owned business, stripping Jewish lawyers and doctors of their clients
103
Final Solution Stage
- On July 32, 1941, a desire for an Endlosung, or Final Solution to the “Jewish Question” was rampant in Germany
- Beginning in 1941 after the Nazis took ore jews prisoners, jews from all over the continent, as well as hundreds of thousands of Gypsies, were transported to the polish ghettos
- These were death camps,- From 1942 to 1945, Jews were deported to the camps from all over Europe, including German-controlled territory as well as those countries allied with Germany
- Beginning in September 1941, every Jew in german held territory was marked with a yellow star, making them open targets
- The heaviest deportations took place during the summer and fall of 1942, when more than 300,000 people were deported from the Warsaw ghetto alone
- AUSCHWITZ WAS THE LARGEST DEATH CAMP
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Conditions in concentration/death camps
- Overcrowding
- Forced Labor
- Malnutrition and Disease
- Violence and Abuse
- Lack of Medical Care
- Dehumanization
- Execution and Gas Chambers
105
what did Winston Churchill do
Curchhill pumped people up said
they won't lose
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What is MAD
Mutually Assured destruction - both countries have nuclear bombs so no country drops one but one country gives another country money to fight for them
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What are residential Schools
Residential schools were government-sponsored institutions in Canada where Indigenous children were forcibly sent from the late 19th century to the 20th century. These schools aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture by stripping them of their language, culture, and identity. The experience was often traumatic, marked by abuse, neglect, and cultural erasure, leaving a lasting impact on Indigenous communities across Canada
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What is the suffrage movement
- The suffrage movement was a social and political campaign advocating for women's right to vote and participate in democratic elections
- It spanned the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mobilizing women and allies globally to achieve voting rights, challenging societal norms and legal barriers that excluded women from political participation
- The movement resulted in significant gains, leading to women's suffrage being gradually recognized and implemented in many countries worldwide.
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Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed in 1919 that officially ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany. It imposed significant territorial, military, and economic penalties on Germany, including the loss of territory, demilitarization, and reparations payments. The treaty aimed to prevent future conflicts by weakening Germany, but its harsh terms contributed to economic hardship and political instability, ultimately fueling resentment and setting the stage for World War II.
