History exam Flashcards
(34 cards)
What was the Easter Rising Revolt?
A 1916 armed insurrection in Ireland against British rule, aiming to establish an independent Irish Republic.
Who was Gandhi?
Mohandas K. Gandhi was a leader of the Indian independence movement who advocated nonviolent resistance to British colonial rule.
What was the Amritsar Massacre?
A 1919 incident where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indian civilians gathered in Amritsar, sparking widespread outrage.
What was the Six-Day War?
A 1967 conflict between Israel and neighboring Arab states (Egypt, Jordan, Syria), in which Israel captured significant territories.
What was the Korean War?
A war from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea (backed by China and the USSR) and South Korea (supported by the U.S. and UN), ending in a stalemate.
What was the Vietnam War?
A conflict (1955–1975) between communist North Vietnam and U.S.-backed South Vietnam, ending with the unification of Vietnam under communism.
What was the Rwandan Genocide?
A 1994 mass killing of about 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus by extremist Hutu militias in Rwanda.
Who are the Tutsi and Hutu?
Ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi; historic tensions between them culminated in the Rwandan Genocide.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
A 1955–1991 military alliance of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc nations, formed in response to NATO.
What is NATO?
A 1949 military alliance of Western nations aimed at collective defense against the Soviet threat.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
A 1947 U.S. policy pledging to support countries resisting communism, marking the start of Cold War containment.
What is Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
Cold War doctrine where both the U.S. and USSR deterred nuclear war by having enough weapons to destroy each other.
What was the Franco-Prussian War?
A conflict (1870–1871) between France and Prussia, leading to German unification and the fall of the French Second Empire.
Who was Kaiser Wilhelm?
The last German Emperor (r. 1888–1918), whose militarism and policies contributed to World War I.
Who was Nicholas II?
The last Tsar of Russia (r. 1894–1917), overthrown during the Russian Revolution and executed by the Bolsheviks.
What were the Blackshirts?
Paramilitary squads of Italian Fascists under Mussolini, known for violence and intimidation of political opponents.
What is Fascism?
A far-right, authoritarian ideology emphasizing nationalism, dictatorial power, and suppression of dissent.
What was the T4 Program?
A Nazi euthanasia initiative that murdered disabled and mentally ill people deemed ‘unworthy of life.’
What is Lebensraum?
Nazi policy seeking ‘living space’ for Germans through expansion into Eastern Europe and displacement of local populations.
What does Untermenschen mean?
Nazi term meaning ‘sub-humans,’ used to dehumanize Jews, Slavs, and others.
Who was Osama bin Laden?
Founder of al-Qaeda, responsible for the 9/11 attacks and a key figure in global jihadist terrorism.
Who were the Entente colonial soldiers in WWI?
Soldiers from European colonies (e.g., in Africa, Asia) who fought for the Allied powers during World War I.
What were Wilson’s ‘Fourteen Points’?
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s post-WWI peace plan promoting self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The 1919 peace treaty ending WWI, which imposed harsh penalties on Germany and redrew European borders.
