jazz exam Flashcards
(29 cards)
What time period is associated with Cool Jazz?
1949 to mid-1950s
Who were the key innovators of Cool Jazz?
Miles Davis, Lennie Tristano, Lee Konitz
What was the significance of the ‘Birth of the Cool’ recording (1949)?
It introduced Cool Jazz; used unique instrumentation (nonet including French horn and tuba)
What are characteristics of Cool Jazz?
Understated, conservative, arranged music aimed at a wider audience
Name key Cool Jazz musicians.
Miles Davis, Lennie Tristano, Lee Konitz, Gerry Mulligan, Dave Brubeck, Chet Baker
How does Bebop differ from Cool Jazz?
Bebop is fast, complex, and intense; Cool Jazz is slower, arranged, and smoother
What years define the Hard Bop era?
1955 to mid-1960s
Who were the innovators of Hard Bop?
Horace Silver and Miles Davis
What are characteristics of Hard Bop?
Return to emotional, blues- and gospel-based jazz; refined Bebop
Name key Hard Bop musicians.
Horace Silver, Clifford Brown, Art Blakey, Cannonball Adderley
What is another name for Hard Bop?
Soul Jazz or Funky Jazz
What is Avant-Garde Jazz also known as?
Free Jazz
Who were Avant-Garde innovators?
Cecil Taylor and Ornette Coleman
What are characteristics of Avant-Garde Jazz?
Free form, no chord changes, harmonic freedom, few guidelines
What is Modal Jazz?
Jazz based on modes instead of chords; slow harmonic changes, scale-based improvisation
Who is associated with Modal Jazz?
John Coltrane
What instruments did John Coltrane play?
Tenor and soprano saxophones
What is Jazz Fusion (Crossover Jazz)?
A style combining jazz with rock and funk; emerged post-1968
Who pioneered Jazz Fusion?
Miles Davis
What are characteristics of Fusion music?
Use of electric instruments, rock/funk rhythms, crossover appeal
Name one of Miles Davis’ Fusion albums.
Bitches Brew (1969)
Who were members of Miles Davis’ classic 1955–58 quintet?
Red Garland (p), Paul Chambers (b), Philly Joe Jones (d)
Describe Miles Davis’ playing style.
Lyrical, minimalist, use of space, evolving with the times
How does Rock differ from Jazz?
Rock is groove- and beat-based, simpler harmonies; jazz is improvisational and complex
