History Ketan Parts One and Two Outline Cards Flashcards
(518 cards)
1
Q
Parents of Romulus?
A
Rhea Silvia and Mars
2
Q
Grandfather of Romulus?
A
Numitor
3
Q
Who stole the throne of Alba Longa from the father of Rhea Silvia?
A
Amulius
4
Q
What river were Romulus and Remus thrown into?
A
the Tiber River
5
Q
Who raised Romulus?
A
Faustulus
6
Q
Who was the wife of Faustulus?
A
Acca Laurentia
7
Q
Which hills did Romulus and Remus settle on?
A
Romulus- PalatineRemus- Aventine
8
Q
How many vultures did Romulus and Remus each see?
A
Romulus- 12Remus- 6
9
Q
Why did Romulus kill Remus?
A
Remus overslept the boundaries of Romulus’ hill
10
Q
What is the exact date of Rome’s founding?
A
April 21, 753 BC
11
Q
How did Romulus populate Rome with males?
A
he opened the city to criminals and other outcasts and made it though they are safe from arrest within Rome
12
Q
What did Romulus make 100 of the most noble and wealthy fathers?
A
patricians and senators
13
Q
How did Romulus populate Rome with women?
A
The Rape of the Sabine Women
14
Q
Whose daughter let the Sabines into Rome?
A
The Capitoline citadel commander, Spurrius Tarpeius
15
Q
Who let the Sabines into Rome?
A
Tarpeia
16
Q
What did Tarpeia want in exchange for letting the Sabines into the city?
A
she asked for “what they wear on their left arms”
17
Q
What did Tarpeia intend to happen, and what actually happened?
A
she intended to receive their gold bracelets, but was instead crushed by their shields
18
Q
Who eventually stopped the fighting between the Romans and Sabines?
A
Hersilia
19
Q
Wife of Romulus?
A
Hersilia
20
Q
Who did Romulus co-rule with?
A
Titus Tatius
21
Q
What supposedly happened to Romulus?
A
he disappeared in a storm or whirlwind during or shortly after offering a public sacrifice near or at the Quirinal Hill
22
Q
What probably happened to Romulus?
A
the senators probably killed him
23
Q
What was Numa Pompilius’ origin?
A
Sabine
24
Q
Who was Titus Tatius’ son-in-law?
A
Numa Pompilius
25
What was one major difference between Romulus and Numa Pompilius?
Numa was not warlike
26
Who was Numa Pompilius' lover?
the nymph Egeria
27
What religious organization did Numa Pompilius bring to Rome from Alba Longa?
Vestal Virgins
28
Where were the Vestal Virgins from?
Alba Longa
29
What months did Numa Pompilius add to the calendar?
January and February
30
What priest did Numa Pompilius instate?
Pontifex Maximus, the high priest
31
What temple did Numa Pompilius found?
Temple of Janus
32
What different ways did the Temple of Janus represent Rome's situation
Doors closed- peace, Doors open- wartime
33
How did Numa Pompilius die?
simply of old age
34
What was Tullus Hostilius' origin?
Latin
35
What three brothers did Rome pick to fight Alba Longa?
Horatii
36
What three brothers did Alba Longa pick to fight Rome?
Curiatii
37
Which triplets won?
The Horatii
38
Who was the Alban king during Romulus' reign?
Mettius Fufettius
39
What town did Mettius Fufettius incite against Rome?
Fidenae
40
What happened to Mettius Fufettius and why?
drawn and quartered for his treachery against Rome
41
Where did the Alban population settle after Alba Longa was destroyed?
the Caelian Hill
42
All of Alba Longa was destroyed except for what?
the temples
43
What government building did Tullus Hostilius build the first of?
the Curia Hostilia (the first senate house)
44
How did the gods voice their displeasure at Tullus Hostilius' ignoring of religion?
Threw a shower of stones on the Alban Mountain and voices insulting the Albans for abandoning their ways
45
During which king's reign does a plague fall on Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
46
How does Tullus Hostilius die?
his house is struck by lightning (he does in the fire)
47
Ancus Marcius is the grandson of who?
Numa Pompilius
48
What was Ancus Marcius' origin?
Sabine
49
What priesthood did Ancus Marcius establish?
Fetiales
50
What was the purpose of the Fetiales?
to mediate disputes and declare war
51
Which hills were settled during Ancus Marcius' reign?
Aventine and Janiculum
52
What salt water port did Ancus Marcius establish?
Ostia
53
Who built the Pons Sublicius?
Ancus Marcius
54
What was the Pons Sublicius?
the first (wooden) bridge over the Tiber
55
What happened to Tarquinius Priscus that meant he would become king?
an eagle took his cap and returned it shortly after
56
Where was Tarquinius Priscus originally from?
Corinth
57
What was Tarquinius Priscus originally named?
Lucumo
58
Who was the father of Tarquinius Priscus?
Demaratus
59
Who did Tarquinius Priscus marry?
an Etruscan woman named Tanaquil
60
Whose sons were Tarquinius Priscus made the guardian of?
Ancus Marcius
61
What did Tarquinius Priscus double the size of?
the equites (cavalry)
62
By how much did Tarquinius Priscus increase the senate by?
100
63
What structure on the Capitoline Hill did Tarquinius Priscus begin construction on?
the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
64
What did Tarquinius Priscus begin construction on after draining the forum?
the Circus Maximus
65
Who killed Tarquinius Priscus?
assassins hired by the sons of Ancus Marcius
66
What did Tanaquil interpret about Servius Tullius that meant he should be king?
he was covered in flame but felt no harm (red head)
67
Where was Servius Tullius supposedly from?
slave
68
Who was Servius Tullius' mom?
Ocrisia from the Etruscan town of Corniculum
69
Who did Servius Tullius marry?
Tarquinia
70
What temples did Servius Tullius establish?
the Temple of Diana (main one) and the Temple of Fortuna
71
What did Servius Tullius create, dividing the Roman people?
the census
72
What was Rome divided into by the census?
5 classes
73
Who introduced coinage to Rome?
Servius Tullius
74
Who built the first defensive wall around Rome?
Servius Tullius
75
What was the first defensive wall of Rome called?
the Servian Wall
76
Who was Servius Tullius assassinated by?
his daughter Tullia the younger and her husband, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
77
What temple did Tarquinius Superbus either build or complete?
the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
78
Who most likely built the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Superbus (maybe Tarquinius Priscus)
79
Which king finished building the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Superbus
80
What son of Tarquinius Superbus caused the downfall of the monarchy in Rome?
Sextus Tarquinius
81
Who did Sextus rape?
Lucretia
82
Who was Lucretia's husband?
Tarquinius Collatinus
83
Where did Tarquinius Superbus flee to?
the Etruscan cities
84
Who did the Etruscans unite under?
Lars Porsenna
85
What city was Lars Porsenna king of?
Clusium
86
Who defended the Pons Sublicius against the Etruscans?
Horatius Cocles
87
Who thrust his hand into the coals to impress Lars Porsenna?
Mucius Scaevola
88
Who lead the hostages to freedom (but later returned)?
Cloelia
89
Give the years of the monarchy
753-510 BC
90
Give the years of the republic
509-27 BC
91
Who replaced the kings after the monarchy fell?
Consuls
92
Who were the first two consuls?
Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
93
Why did Collatinus step down?
because his family name was "Tarquinius"
94
Who did Brutus die while fighting with?
Arruns, son of Tarquinius Superbus
95
The sons of Tarquinius Superbus, Titus and Tiberius, were part of what group?
a rebellion within Rome that tried to reinstall Tarquinius Superbus as king
96
Who were the sons of Tarquinius Superbus who rebelled?
Titus and Tiberius
97
What happened to the sons of Tarquinius Superbus that rebelled?
executed
98
Who became consul in place of Brutus?
Publius Valerius Publicola (or Poplicola)
99
What hill did Publicola try to build his house on?
Velian Hill
100
Why couldn't Publicola build his house on the top of the hill?
the people became upset, thinking he was trying to become king
101
Where did Publicola end up building his house?
the foot of the Velian Hill
102
How many times was Publicola consul?
4
103
What does the agnomen Publicola mean?
"friend of the people"
104
What occurred in 494 BC?
the First Secession of the Plebs
105
How many secessions of the Plebs occur throughout Roman history?
5
106
Where did the Plebs succeed to and threaten to build a new town?
the Mons Sacer (Aventine Hill)
107
Who convinced the plebs to return form succession?
Menenius Agrippa
108
What created the office of tribune for the plebs?
the Lex Sacrata
109
What battle occurred in 496 BC?
Lake Regillus
110
Who was involved in the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Romans vs. Latin League + Tarquinius Superbus
111
According to legend, who led the Romans in the Battle of Lake Regillus?
the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux
112
Who was the Roman commander at Lake Regillus?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
113
Who was the first dictator?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
114
What battle occurred in 458 BC?
Battle of Mt. Algidus
115
Who was involved in the Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Romans vs. Aequi
116
Who led the relief effort to rescue a trapped army at Mt. Algidus?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
117
Whose army was trapped during the Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Minucius'
118
What happened during 493 BC?
Coriolanus took the Volscian town of Corioli
119
How did Gaius Mucius Coriolanus earn his cognomen?
by taking the Volscian town of Corioli (493 BC)
120
Who convinced Coriolanus not to attack Rome with the Volscians he had earlier defeated?
his wife Volumnia and his mother Veturia
121
What were established in 451-450 BC?
Laws of the Twelve Tables
122
Who completed the twelve tables?
the Decemviri
123
What event was the completion of the twelve tables associated with?
the second secession of the plebs
124
Who was the chief of the Decemviri?
Appius Claudius Crassus
125
What caused Appius Claudius' death?
his lust for Verginia
126
What was made in 445 BC?
Lex Canuleia
127
What did the Lex Canuleia do?
allowed for the intermarriage between the plebeians and the patricians
128
Who proposed the Lex Canuleia?
Gaius Canuleius
129
Who was responsible for capturing the Etruscan city of Veii in 396 BC after a ten year siege?
Marcus Furius Camillus
130
What two things were Camillus proclaimed to be after his events with Brennus?
"Pater Patriae" and "Second Founder of Rome"
131
What occurred in 390 BC?
Battle of Allia River
132
Who led the Gauls against Rome at Allia River?
the Senonian chieftain Brennus
133
Where was the only place in Rome Brennus did not capture?
The Capitoline Hill
134
Who was woken by the sacred geese of Juno and rallied the Romans on the Capitoline?
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
135
What did Brennus famously say after conquering Rome and what does it mean?
"Vae Victis"- Woe to the Conquered
136
What was formed in 367 BC?
Lex Licinia-Sextia
137
Who passed the Lex Licinia-Sextia?
tribunes Licinius and Lucius Sextius
138
What does the Lex Licinia-Sextia do?
it makes it so one of the two consuls can be a plebeian
139
Who was the first plebeian consul in 366 BC?
Lucius Sextius
140
Who was the first plebeian dictator?
Gaius Marcius Rutilus
141
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian dictator?
356 BC
142
Who was Rome's first plebeian censor?
Gaius Marcius Rutilus
143
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian censor?
351 BC
144
Who was the first plebeian praetor?
Publilius Philo
145
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian praetor?
337 BC
146
What were the years of the Great Latin War?
340-338 BC
147
Who won the Battle of Vesuvius?
Romans
148
Who lost the Battle of Vesuvius?
the Latins
149
What year was the Battle of Vesuvius?
340 BC
150
Who were the Roman leaders at the Battle of Vesuvius?
Publius Decius Mus and Titus Manlius Torquatus
151
What did Decius Mus famously do to help the Roman army at the Battle of Vesuvius?
devotio (sacrificed himself)
152
What town did Rome capture in 340 BC?
Antium
153
What did the Romans take from Antium?
rostra (prows of enemy ships)
154
What did the Romans do with the rostra from Antium?
attached them to the speakers platform in the Forum
155
What war took place during 343-341 BC?
First Samnite War
156
What land regions were the First Samnite War centered around?
the city of Capua and the land of Campania
157
What were the years of the First Samnite War?
343-341 BC
158
What war took place from 326-304 BC?
Second Samnite War
159
What battle occurred in 321 BC?
Claudine Forks
160
Who was the Samnite chieftain at Caudine Forks?
Gavius Pontius
161
Who were the Roman leaders at Caudine Forks?
Titus Veturius and Spurius Postumius Albinus
162
What happens to the Romans at Caudine Forks?
They are trapped under a mountain pass and forced to pass under a yoke
163
What year did Caudine Forks take place?
321 BC?
164
What battle took place in 315 BC?
Lautulae
165
What are the years of the Third Samnite War?
298-290 BC
166
What battle occurs in 295 BC?
Battle of Sentinum
167
Who were the Roman leaders at Sentinum?
Publius Decius Mus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus
168
Who was the Samnite leader at Sentinum?
Gellius Egnatius
169
Who sacrifices himself in an act of devotio?
Publius Decius Mus
170
Where was King Pyrrhus from?
Epirus
171
What city brought in King Pyrrhus to help them fight the Romans in the Pyrrhic War?
Tarentum
172
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Battle of Heraclea
173
What battle took place in 279 BC?
Battle of Asculum
174
What did the battles between Pyrrhus and Rome become known as?
Pyrrhic victories
175
What are "pyrrhic victories"?
Victories that cost so much to win it is no longer worth it
176
What battle takes place in 275 BC?
Battle of Beneventum
177
Who was the Roman leader at the Battle of Beneventum?
Curius Dentatus
178
In what year did Tarentum surrender for good?
272 BC
179
How did Pyrrhus die?
in a street fight when a woman throws a roof tile on his head
180
Where did Pyrrhus die?
Argos in Greece
181
In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place?
275 BC
182
What law was made in 287 BC?
Lex Hortensia
183
Where did the fifth and final secession of the plebs take place?
Janiculum Hill
184
Who passed the Lex Hortensia?
the dictator Quintus Hortensius
185
What did the Lex Hortensia do?
made all resolutions passed by the plebeians binding on all citizens
186
When was the Lex Hortensia passed?
287 BC
187
What were the years of the First Punic War?
264-241 BC
188
Who was being attacked to start the First Punic War?
the Mamertines from Messana
189
Who was attacking the Mamertines to start the First Punic War?
Hiero (II) of Syracuse
190
Who did the Mamertines ask for help to fight the Syracusans?
Carthage
191
Who did the Mamertines ask for help to fight the Carthaginians?
Rome
192
What battle took place in 260 BC?
Battle of Mylae
193
Who lead the Romans at Mylae?
Gaius Duilius
194
Where was Rome's first naval victory?
Battle of Mylae
195
What was made in Duilius' honor?
A column in the Forum
196
In what year did the Battle of Mylae take place?
260 BC
197
What battle took place in 256 BC?
The Battle of Cape Ecnomus
198
Who was the Roman commander at the Battle of Cape Ecnomus?
Atilius Regulus
199
Who lost the Battle of Cape Ecnomus?
the Carthaginians
200
What battle took place in 255 BC?
Battle of Bagradas Valley
201
Who were the Romans defeated by at Bagradas Valley?
Xanthippus, the Spartan mercenary
202
Why did Regulus return to Rome by the Carthaginians?
to convince Rome to surrender
203
What did Regulus tell the Romans to do when he came back to Rome from Carthage?
fight on
204
Where does Regulus die?
he is brutally killed when returns to Carthage from Rome
205
What battle took place in 249 BC?
Battle of Drepana
206
Who is the consul who supposedly doomed the Romans at the Battle of Drepana?
Publius Claudius Pulcher
207
What did Claudius Pulcher do that was a bad omen?
throw the sacred chickens into the ocean (because they wouldn't eat)
208
Who is the victorious Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Drepana?
Hamilcar
209
What battle takes place in 241 BC?
Battle of Aegates Island
210
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Aegates island?
Lutatius Catulus
211
Who led the Carthaginians at the Battle of Aegates Islands?
Hanno the Great
212
What battle ended the First Punic War?
Battle of Aegates Islands
213
What was Rome's first province?
Sicily
214
What province did Rome gain control of at the end of the First Punic War?
Sicily
215
What provinces does Rome take after the First Punic War while Carthage has an internal fight?
Sardinia and Corsica
216
Where does Carthage get the silver to pay Rome did the huge war debt they owed?
the Iberian Peninsula
217
What are the years of the Second Punic War?
218-202 BC
218
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
219
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
220
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won't go north of the Ebro River in Spain
221
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
222
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
223
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
224
What battles took place in 218 BC?
Battle of Ticinus River and Battle of Trebia River
225
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
226
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
227
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
228
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio's life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
229
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
230
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
231
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
232
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
233
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
234
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
235
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
236
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
237
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
238
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
239
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
240
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
241
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen "cunctator"?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
242
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the "shield of Rome"
243
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
244
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
245
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
246
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
247
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
248
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
249
What city was recaptured in 211 BC?
Syracuse
250
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
251
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
252
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
253
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the "sword of Rome"
254
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
255
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
256
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
257
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
258
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
259
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
260
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
261
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
262
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
263
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
264
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
265
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
266
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
267
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
268
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
269
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
270
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
271
Who were the Roman commanders at Zama?
Scipio Africanus and Masinissa
272
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Zama?
Hannibal
273
Who lost at Zama?
Carthage
274
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
275
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
276
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
277
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
278
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
279
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
"Carthago delenda est." (Carthage must be destroyed)
280
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
281
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
282
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
283
What is Viriathus called?
the "first national hero of Portugal"
284
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
285
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
286
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
287
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
288
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
289
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
290
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
291
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
292
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
293
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
294
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
295
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
296
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
297
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
298
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
299
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
300
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
301
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
302
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
303
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
304
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
305
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
306
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
307
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
308
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
309
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
310
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
311
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
312
Who was the Roman leader during the Fourth Macedonian War?
(Quintus Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus
313
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
314
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
315
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
316
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
317
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
318
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
319
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
320
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
321
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
322
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
323
What did Cornelia call her sons?
"Gemae" (her jewels)
324
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
325
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to push?
land law
326
What did Tiberius Gracchus' land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
327
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus' land law?
Marcus Octavius
328
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
329
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
330
What was Scipio Nasica's relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
331
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
332
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
333
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
334
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
335
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
336
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
337
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
338
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
339
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
340
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
341
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
342
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he's not the only one but one of the most famous)
343
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
344
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
345
When was Marius' first consulship?
107 BC
346
When was Marius' last consulship?
86 BC
347
Who died in 118 BC, causing a division in his kingdom?
Micipsa, King of Numidia
348
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa's sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
349
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix"
350
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
351
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
352
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
353
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
354
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
355
Who were the Roman commanders at Arausio?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
356
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio?
the Cimbri and Teutones
357
What battle took place in 102 BC?
Battle of Aquae Sextiae
358
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
359
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
360
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
361
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
362
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
363
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
364
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
365
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
366
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
367
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
368
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
369
What are two other names for the Social War?
the Italian War or the Marsic War
370
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
371
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
372
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
373
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
374
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
375
What did the Lex Plautia Papiria do?
citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled can now gain Roman citizenship
376
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
377
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
378
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
379
What is Mithridates' massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
380
Who had been chosen by the senate to fight Mithridates?
Sulla
381
Who transferred command against Mithridates from Sulla to Marius?
the tribune Sulpicius Rufus
382
What was the result of Sulla's command transferring to Marius?
Sulla's first march on Rome
383
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
384
What was Sulla's most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
385
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
386
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
387
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
388
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
389
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
390
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
391
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
392
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
393
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
394
What battle took place in 82 BC?
Battle of Colline Gate
395
What did the Battle of Colline Gate do?
solidify Sulla's control of Rome
396
Which of Marian's proconsuls of Hispania held out against Sulla's forces until 72 BC?
Sertorius
397
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
398
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
399
What was Sulla's list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla's prescriptions
400
What did Sulla's second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
401
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
402
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
403
Who started a slave revolt in 73 BC?
the Thracian slave Spartacus
404
Where did Spartacus start a slave revolt?
Capua
405
Who eventually subdued Spartacus' revolt?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
406
Where was the slave revolt subdued?
Apulia
407
In what two years are Pompey and Crassus consuls?
70 BC and 55 BC
408
What law was passed in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
409
Who passed the Lex Gabinia?
the tribune Aulus Gabinius
410
What did the Lex Gabinia do?
gave Pompey command against the pirates in the Mediterranean
411
How long did it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean of pirates and in what year?
3 months in 66 BC
412
What war took place from 73-63 BC?
Third Mithridatic War
413
Who had command against Mithridates for the first part of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
414
What battle took place in 69 BC?
Battle of Tigranocerta
415
What Armenian king did Lucullus defeat at the Battle of Tigranocerta?
Tigranes the Great
416
What law was passed in 66 BC?
Lex Manilia
417
Who passed the Lex Manilia?
the tribune Gaius Manlius
418
What did the Lex Manilia do?
transferred command against Mithridates from Lucullus to Pompey
419
What battle took place in 66 BC?
Battle of Nicopolis
420
What happens at the Battle of Nicopolis?
Pompey decisively defeats Mithridates
421
How does Mithridates die?
suicide
422
Where does Mithridates die?
Panticapaeum
423
When does Mithridates die?
63 BC
424
What conflict occurs in Rome in 63 BC?
Conspiracy of Catiline
425
Who tried to overthrow the Republic in 63 BC?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
426
What did Catilina have passed against him?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
427
Who is most responsible for Catiline's fall?
Cicero
428
What is Cicero rewarded for his speeches against Catiline?
"Pater Patriae"
429
What year does the First Triumvirate form?
69 BC
430
What was the First Triumvirate?
a powerful political alliance
431
Who was the First Triumvirate between?
Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey the Great
432
How was the First Triumvirate cemented?
when Caesar's daughter Julia married Pompey
433
What did Pompey get from the First Triumvirate?
land for his veterans
434
When was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
435
When was Julius Caesar quaestor?
69 BC
436
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
437
When was Julius Caesar consul?
59 BC
438
Who was Julius Caesar consul with?
Marcus Bibulus
439
What did Julius Caesar receive from the First Triumvirate?
a five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul
440
What did Julius Caesar's five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul allow him to do?
wage his Gallic Wars
441
How was Marcus Tullius Cicero exiled?
Clodius Pulcher (a tribune under Caesar) passed a law against him
442
How was Clodius Pulcher killed?
in a gang fight against his rival, Milo
443
When was Clodius Pulcher killed?
53 BC
444
What war lasted from 58-51 BC?
Caesar's Gallic Wars
445
When did Caesar cross into Britannia?
55 and 54 BC
446
Who was Caesar's most important enemy during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix of the Arveni
447
Who defeated Caesar's forces during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix
448
Where was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
Gergovia
449
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
450
Where did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
Battle of Alesia
451
When did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
52 BC
452
Where did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet?
Luca
453
When did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet at Luca?
56 BC
454
What happens at the triumvirs' meeting at Luca?
Caesar's command is extended for 5 more years
455
When do Crassus and Pompey hold the consulship for the second time?
55 BC
456
When does Julius Caesar's daughter, Julia, die?
54 BC
457
Who did Crassus campaign against in the final years of his life?
Parthians
458
Where and when does Crassus die?
Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC
459
What war takes place from 49-45 BC?
Civil War of Caesar
460
What act of Caesar ignited the civil war?
crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC
461
What does Julius Caesar say when passing the Rubicon?
"Alea iacta est"- the die is cast
462
What battle took place in 49 BC?
Battle of Ilerda
463
What happened at the Battle of Ilerda?
Caesar marches to Spain and defeats Pompey's commanders
464
What battle occurs in 48 BC?
Battle of Dyrrachium
465
Who defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrachium?
Pompey
466
What battle decides the result of the Civil War in 48 BC?
Battle of Pharsalus
467
What happens at Pharsalus?
Caesar decisively defeats Pompey
468
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
469
Who kills Pompey?
the orders of Ptolemy XIII
470
What battle takes place in 47 BC?
Battle of Zela
471
Who does Caesar defeat at Zela?
Pharnaces (II), son of Mithridates VI of Pontus
472
What battle takes place in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
473
Who were the forces of Pompey led by at Thapsus?
Metellus Scipio and the African Juba I
474
Who commits suicide after Thapsus?
Cato the Younger
475
Where does Cato the Younger commit suicide?
Utica
476
What is Cato the Younger called after committing suicide?
Cato Uticensis
477
What battle took place in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
478
What former lieutenant does Caesar defeat?
Titus Labienus
479
Which of Pompey's family members are later defeated by Julius Caesar?
Pompey's sons
480
In what years was Caesar a dictator?
49, 48, and 46 BC
481
When was Caesar elected dictator for life?
44 BC
482
What temple did Caesar build?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
483
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
484
Who put his own face on coins?
Julius Caesar
485
Who was Julius Caesar planning a campaign against before his assassination?
Parthians
486
What title did Julius Caesar receive at one point?
Pater Patriae
487
Who led the conspiracy against the life of Julius Caesar?
Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
488
How was Caesar killed?
stabbed to death by senators
489
Where was Caesar killed?
at the foot of the statue of Pompey
490
On what day was Julius Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC
491
What is Caesar said to have muttered while dying?
"Et tu, Brute?" "And you, Brutus?" or in Greek, "Kai su, teknon?"
492
Who was named the sole heir of Julius Caesar?
Gaius Octavius (future Augustus)
493
What was Julius Caesar's relationship to Octavius?
Octavius was his grand-nephew (and adopted son)
494
When was the Second Triumvirate formed?
43 BC
495
Who formed the Second Triumvirate?
Gaius Octavius, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony (Marcus Antoninus)
496
Who married Mark Antony?
Octavia (sister of Octavius)
497
Where is Cicero killed?
Formiae
498
What legalized the Second Triumvirate?
Lex Titia
499
What battle took place in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
500
Who were the winners at Philippi?
Octavian and Mark Antony
501
Who were the losers at Philippi?
Brutus and Cassius
502
How did Brutus and Cassius die?
they kill themselves
503
What treaty is formed in 49 BC?
Treaty of Brundisium
504
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
505
What did Antony get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the east empire
506
What did Lepidus get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
Hispania and Africa
507
What battle occurred in 36 BC?
Battle of Naulochus
508
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
509
Who was the winner at Naulochus?
Marcus Agrippa, famous general of Octavian
510
Who was the loser at Naulochus?
Sextus Pompeius (son of Pompey)
511
Where did the Battle of Naulochus take place?
off of Sicily
512
Why did Marcus Agrippa go to battle against Sextus Pompeius?
Sextus had been preventing the grain supply on Sicily from reaching Rome
513
Who does Mark Antony have an open affair with?
Cleopatra VII of Egypt
514
What does Augustus use to make Antony look bad?
propaganda
515
What battle took place in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
516
Who were the winners at Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa
517
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
518
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra die?
suicide
