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world history 2 > History Masterclass Review > Flashcards

History Masterclass Review Flashcards

1
Q

the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid-1700s

A

Industrial Revolution

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2
Q

when wealthy landowners used fences or hedges to define their property, and it had 2 important results

A

Enclosure Movement

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3
Q

available water, coal, iron, rivers, new inventions, and capital* all resulted in the Industrial Revolution beginning in this country

A

England

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4
Q

the use of minors in factories and mines~

A

Child labor

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5
Q

the Industrial Revolution spread from England to Germany, Belgium, and then to the __?__

A

United States

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6
Q

wrote The Communist Manifesto in which he argued that human society was divided into warring class: the proletariat and the bourgeoisie

A

Marx

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7
Q

created capitalism, an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit

A

Smith

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8
Q

introduced utilitarianism, which argues for the judgment of ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness

A

bentham

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9
Q

Believed that the population would exceed the food supply without wars and epidemics to check population growth and that the underclass would always be poor in a market system

A

Malthus

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10
Q

opened Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago which trained social workers and provided for those in need with facilities such as a kitchen and nursery

A

addams

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11
Q

the fight to abolish slavery

A

abolition

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12
Q

voluntary labor associations that used tactics like strikes and sickouts to push for reforms in working conditions*

A

unions

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13
Q

The right to vote

A

suffrage

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14
Q

belief that the United States should stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific~

A

manifest destiny

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15
Q

document issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring all slaves in confederate states free and showed European nations that the war was being fought about slavery so they would not send money or supplies to the South and was written during the American civil war in hopes of saving the union from defeat*

A

emancipation proclamation

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16
Q

Invented the steam engine

A

watt

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17
Q

Came up with germ theory

A

pasteur

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18
Q

invented the airplane

A

Wright Brothers

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19
Q

Process for making steel

A

bessemer

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20
Q

Invented the light bulb

A

edison

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21
Q

Discovered the atom

A

dalton

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22
Q

Invented the telephone

A

bell

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23
Q

Territory purchased from Mexico~

A

Gadsden purchase

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24
Q

the seizure of a country or territory by a strong nation~

A

imperialism

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25
Q

the racist belief of Europeans that they were superior to others led to the creation of __?__, a social theory of the time

A

social darwinism

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26
Q

meeting of Europeans to divide Africa in 1884

A

berlin conference

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27
Q

leader of the Zulu people used highly disciplined warriors and a good military organization to create a large centralized state

A

Shaka

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28
Q

war was fought between the British and the Dutch for control of South Africa

A

Boer War

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29
Q

type of rule associated with the use of local government officials and limited self-rule

A

indirect

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30
Q

the policy of __?__ advocated Europeans governing imperial subjects in a parental way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights

A

paternalism

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31
Q

The French supported a policy of ___?___ which was based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French

A

Assimilation

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32
Q

In German East Africa it was the belief that magic water would turn the German bullets into water

A

maji maji

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33
Q

King Menelik II used diplomacy and modern weaponry to maintain the independence of what African nation

A

Ethiopia

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34
Q

Why the British made Egypt a protectorate

A

Suez canal

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35
Q

an uprising of Indian soldiers after it was revealed that rifle cartridges were being greased with pig and beef fat

A

sepoy mutiny

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36
Q

Britain’s “jewel in the crown”+

A

india

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37
Q

trade good did the British use to correct the trade imbalance they had with the Chinese

A

opium

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38
Q

“The sun never sets on the __?__ Empire”

A

britain

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39
Q

The imperial divisions created by the Europeans in China

A

spheres of influence

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40
Q

growing anti-foreign sentiment resulted in this Chinese revolt in the spring of 1900

A

boxer rebellion

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41
Q

foreign policy of the United States to be the international police and “speak softly and carry a big stick”

A

Roosevelt corollary

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42
Q

foreign policy of the United States to protect the Western hemisphere

A

monroe doctrine

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43
Q

US policy that opened China to all foreign powers

A

open door policy

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44
Q

War in which an Asian power (Japan) defeated a European power (Russia)

A

russojapanese war

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45
Q

Japan’s policy to modernize and westernize under the rule of emperor Mutsuhito during what 45 year period

A

meiji era

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46
Q

war that resulted in the US becoming an imperial power

A

spanish american war

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47
Q

Indian from Oaxaca, noted general in the civil war against the French, sought “Order and Progress,” under his rule the rich got richer and the poor were more exploited

A

porfirio diaz

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48
Q

became popular because of his Robin Hood policy of taking from the rich and giving to the poor

A

pancho villa

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49
Q

Mexican politician, was president 4 times, attempted to regain Texas, ultimately exiled after losing the war to the United States and signing the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

santa anna

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50
Q

a writer who had been exiled from Cuba that returned to launch a second war for Cuban independence , was killed early on in the fighting

A

jose marti

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51
Q

Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism and __?__ were the main causes of World War I

A

alliances

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52
Q

The Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand started __?__

A

world war 1

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53
Q

Front where a stalemate occurred due to trench warfare during World War I

A

western

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54
Q

Front between Germany and Russia

A

eastern

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55
Q

Poison gas, machine gun, tanks, and submarines * were all introduced during this war

A

world war 1

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56
Q

Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram were the reasons the United States ended its policy of __?__

A

isolationism

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57
Q

did extensive work in the field of genetics

A

mendel

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58
Q

refers to the removal of Georgia’s Cherokee tribe to Oklahoma over 800 miles away to Oklahoma

A

Trail of Tears

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59
Q

Site of the first shots of the Civil War

A

Fort Sumter, SC

60
Q

time after the American Civil War when the South was divided and occupied by Union forces to enforce constitutional protections for freedmen

A

Reconstruction

61
Q

Germany’s war strategy in WWI, which was to fight only one front at a time that but ultimately failed

A

Schlieffen Plan

62
Q

treaty ended World War I and laid the foundation for World War II

A

Versailles

63
Q

US president during World War I`

A

wilson

64
Q

Pay reparations, give up land and colonies, accept responsibility, and demilitarize* were punishments inflicted on what country after World War I

A

Germany

65
Q

international peacekeeping organization was created at the end of World War I

A

league of nations

66
Q

refers to the Russia communists who were led by Lenin

A

Bolsheviks

67
Q

the last czar (tsar) of Russia

A

nicholas II

68
Q

the Lenin’s slogan of the Russian Revolution

A

peace land bread

69
Q

leader associated with 5 year plans, collectivization, and the Great Purge

A

stalin

70
Q

leader of Kuomintang that lost the Chinese civil war and was exiled to Taiwan

A

Jiang Jeishi

71
Q

After the massacre at Amritsar, who emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement

A

Gandhi

72
Q

a type of government in which the state has complete control over all aspects of life

A

totalitarianism

73
Q

the refusal to obey unjust laws as protest

A

civil disobedience

74
Q

style of art is exemplified by Salvador Dali

A

surrealism

75
Q

strangled world trade during the Great Depression

A

High protective tariffs

76
Q

crashed on October 29, 1929

A

Stock market

77
Q

caused Germany money to rapidly and drastically lose value~

A

hyperinflation

78
Q

Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s plan to get the United States out of the Great Depression

A

new deal

79
Q

Benito Mussolini established a government in Italy based on __?__.

A

Fascism

80
Q

__?__, or lightening war, was the Germany war tactic used against Poland.

A

blitzkrieg

81
Q

__?__ refers to the National Socialist German Worker’ Party that took power in Germany.

A

nazism

82
Q

The __?__ was the line of trenches that divided Germany and France. They failed to halt the German invasion of France.

A

Maginot Line

83
Q

Hitler declared that Germany was overcrowded and need more __?__, or living space. He promised to get that space by conquering eastern Europe and Russia.

A

Lebensraum

84
Q

The alliance of Germany, Japan, and Italy was known as the __?__.

A

Axis Powers

85
Q

The British and the French were unwilling to confront Hitler and so they adopted a policy of __?__ in order to keep the peace.

A

appeasement

86
Q

The alliance of the British, French, Soviets, and ultimately the United States was known as the __?___.

A

allied powers

87
Q

At the __?__, the British and the French allowed Hitler to take the Sudetenland in order to preserve peace in Europe

A

Munich Conference

88
Q

The United States policy toward World War II was initially __?___ until Pearl Harbor made that stance impossible to continue.

A

Isolationism

89
Q

country attacked by Italy before the start of World War II

A

ethopia

90
Q

Russian leader that used gulags to punish his enemies

A

stalin

91
Q

Germany leader bitter about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

A

hitler

92
Q

Italian fascist leader that wanted to restore the glory of Rome

A

Mussolini

93
Q

the constant air raids on civilian targets in Britain by the German Luftwaffe

A

Battle of Britain

94
Q

Vicious battle between Nazi and Soviet forces

A

Stalingrad

95
Q

the surprise attack on a US navy base in Hawaii that brought the United States into World War II

A

Pearl Harbor

96
Q

Allied invasion of France at Normandy

A

DDay

97
Q

this battle is considered the turning point in the Pacific Theater when the allied powers began to gain the upper hand

A

Midway

98
Q

locations where the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan by the United States were Nagasaki and __?__

A

Hiroshima

99
Q

means “night of broken glass” and was an expression of anti-semitism in Germany

A

Kristallnacht

100
Q

invasion of this country started World War II in Europe

A

poland

101
Q

when the war in Europe was over and the allied forces were declared victorious

A

VEday

102
Q

Hitler’s genocide which targeted Jews as well as others like Romanis and Russians

A

Holocaust

103
Q

Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific who was tasked with overseeing Japanese occupation at the end of World War II

A

MacArthur

104
Q

US strategy in the Pacific devised by Douglas Macarthur to move toward the Japanese mainland by seizing island after island

A

island hopping

105
Q

led air raids on the Japanese mainland that were of minimal military value but great psychological value for allied troops

A

james doolittle

106
Q

Japanese suicide pilots

A

Kamikaze

107
Q

American plan to keep the German economy afloat temporarily after World War I

A

Dawes Plan

108
Q

organization that replaced the failed League of Nations

A

UN

109
Q

figurative divide that existed between Eastern and Western Europe; phrase coined by Winston Churchill

A

Iron curtain

110
Q

foreign policy was enacted by president Harry S. Truman and was directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism

A

containment

111
Q

program created by the United States to provide monetary assistance to western Europe so they would rebuild as capitalist democracies - WILDLY SUCCESSFUL!!!

A

marshall plan

112
Q

alliance created by the Soviet Union and its satellites to counter the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A

Warsaw Pact

113
Q

divided and occupied after the War by the Allied powers after World War II

A

Germany

114
Q

the flying in of supplies by the Allies powers after Berlin was blockaded by the Soviets

A

berlin airlift

115
Q

Russian satellite launched into space that sparked the space race

A

sputnik

116
Q

communist leader of the Vietnamese nationalist independence movement

A

Ho Chi Minh

117
Q

after the __?__ war it was reunited as a communsit country

A

Vietnam

118
Q

after the __?__ war it was and is still divided at the 38th parallel

A

Korea

119
Q

theory that if one country fell to communism others would as well

A

Domino

120
Q

closest the cold war got to becoming “hot”, involved the placement of missiles in Cuba which threatened the US since Cuba is only 90 miles away , a US blockade was sent to stop Russian ships from bringing more supplies into Cuba, Khrushchev backs down to John F. Kennedy and loses credibility with the Russian people*

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

121
Q

Russian leader responsible for the policies of glasnost and perestroika and contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union

A

Gorbachev

122
Q

leader of the Muslim League

A

Jinnah

123
Q

led the independence movement in Kenya

A

Kenyatta

124
Q

major leader of the Indian National Congress

A

Gandhi

125
Q

led the independence movement in Algeria

A

AhmedBenBella

126
Q

close associate of Gandhi, created a constitution-based democracy and outlawed caste discrimination in India

A

Nehru

127
Q

Egyptian leader known for nationalizing the Suez Canal and building the Aswan high dam

A

Gamal Nasser

128
Q

started the “Freedom Now” campaign for independence in Ghana

A

Kwame Nkrumah

129
Q

policy of leagalized segregation found in South Africa

A

Apartheid

130
Q

instrumental in ending apartheid and was elected the first black president of South Africa in that country’s first free elections in 1994

A

Mandela

131
Q

responsible for the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia

A

Milosevic

132
Q

organization formed during the cold war consisting of the United States and their capitalist democratic allies

A

NATO

133
Q

leader of the Khmer Rouge and responsible for the genocide in Cambodia

A

Pol Pot

134
Q

systematic and purposeful destruction of a specific group of people

A

Genocide

135
Q

responsible for the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia

A

Milosevic

136
Q

abbreviation for the loose federation of former USSR territories that formed in 1991

A

CIS

137
Q

Gorbachev’s economic restructuring policy that gave local managers more autonomy and allowed for the private ownership of small businesses

A

perestroika

138
Q

Gorbachev’s policy of “openness” which allowed for the re-opening of churches and free media

A

glasnost

139
Q

the communist government in Cambodia responsible for the genocide in the 1970s

A

Khmer Rouge

140
Q

conference that occurred prior to the end of World War II when it was decided that Germany would be divided between the US, France, Britain, and the Soviet Union

A

yalta

141
Q

first American astronaut to successfully walk on the moon

A

Neil Armstorng

142
Q

American general who came up with island hopping, oversaw the occupation of Japan, and pushed back communist forces in North Korea to the Yalu River. He was ultimately fired for questioning Truman’s decision to not drop the atomic bomb

A

MacArthur

143
Q

Cold War Policy in which the United States (under president Truman) agreed to support any non-communist force, most strongly in Greece and Turkey

A

Truman Doctrine

144
Q

Richard Nixon’s policy of lessening Cold War tensions

A

détente

145
Q

Kennedy and Johnson’s Cold War Era policy of pushing the USSR to the brink of war

A

brinkmanship

146
Q

opposed Mao Zedong in the Civil War and was ultimately defeated and retreated to Taiwan

A

Jiang Jeishi

world history 2 (12 decks)

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