Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

midterms > history midterm > Flashcards

history midterm Flashcards

(99 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

rules discovered by reason that Enlightenment thinkers applied to human behavior?

A

Natural Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Government policy supported by physiocrats?

A

Laissez Faire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why did Enlightenment writers face censorship?

A

they challenged the old order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enlightened despot

A

a ruler that influenced political and social change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how were social distinctions different in the colonies opposed to Europe?

A

colonies had more diverse religious and ethnic groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Navigation Acts

A

were passed to regulate trade and manufacturing in the colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how did Scientific Revolution influence Enlightenment thinkers?

A

influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the Scientific Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

best form of government according to Hobbes

A

absolute monarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where did the U.S founding fathers get the idea of checks and balances

A

Montesquieu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why was Diderot’s Encyclopedia important?

A

it spread Enlightenment ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what did Adam Smith say about the supply and demand?

A

that it would regulate business activity in a free market

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what did John Locke say the purpose of government was

A

safeguard the natural rights of the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how did government and church officials justify the censorship during the Enlightenment?

A

God set up the old order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the Constitution divided power between who?

A

National & State governments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Montesquieu

A

credited with the idea of separation of powers in the Constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happened to Jacques Necker

A

he was dismissed for proposing taxing the first and second estate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was a model for what?

A

American Declaration of Independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how did National Assembly pay its debt?

A

raising taxed on property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reign of Terror

A

gave way to the Jacobins who became the dominate political force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how did Russia defeat Napoleon

A

by using the scorched earth policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Congress of Vienna and its promotion of the principle of legitimacy

A

restored hereditary monarchies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

who made up the National Assembly

A

Third estate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

swore to continue meeting until they create a just constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

poorest member of the third estate

A

urban workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what did the women that marched on Versailles demand?
the King to return to Paris
26
Constitution of 1791
National Assembly created a limited monarchy
27
Declaration of Pilnitz
Prussia and Austria threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy
28
when radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly what did they do?
extended voting rights to all male citizens
29
according to Robespierre how could France achieve a "republic virtue"
the use of terror
30
Committee of Public Safety
they carried out trials and executions during the Reign of Terror
31
Consulate
a three man governing board under Napoleon
32
Napoleonic Code
men regained authority over their wives
33
Continental Sysytem
form of economic warfare
34
major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna
suppress revolutionary uprisings in Europe
35
how did life change during the Industrial Revolution?
people migrate to cities
36
the first factories
developed in the textile industry
37
Luddites
one of the first labor organizations
38
Thomas Malthus view on vaccinations
did not like because believed disease was natures way of controlling populations
39
goal of utilitarism
the greatest happiness for the greatest number
40
Karl Marx view on capitalism
despised it because he felt it created prosperity for a few and poverty for many
41
Abraham Darby's effect on iron
made a better quality of iron by using coal to smelt the iron
42
James Watt
made improvements that allowed steam to become an efficient power source
43
what did steam power allow
growth of railroads
44
railroads compared to canals
railroads did not have to follow a river
45
putting-out system
producing cloth in individual homes
46
why were most early factory workers women
could be paid less than men
47
long term results of the Industrial Revollution
raised the standard of living
48
Laissez-faire economists believed what was the cure for poverty?
unrestricted free marke
49
socialists believed what was the cure for poverty?
shared ownership of the means of production by the people
50
Michael Faraday
invented the dynamo that led to electric generations
51
assembly line
production method where workers preform one task in the manufacturing process
52
normal schools
purpose was to train teachers
53
Social Darwinism
applied the theory of natural selection
54
romanticism
revolt against the Enlightenments emphasis on reason
55
why did Russia struggles to industrialize?
lacked political stability
56
where did America get their technology from for their textiles?
Britain
57
Bessemer process
method for producing stronger steel
58
what invention made the flying machine possible?
international combustion engine
59
Joseph Lister
discovered that sterilizing instruments w/ antiseptics prevented infection
60
temperance
argued that the use of alcohol harmed the family life and reduced worker productivity
61
Dmitri Mendeleyev
chemist that developed a table that became the basis for the periodic table
62
Paul Gauguin
post impressionist painter known for primitive folk art
63
Charles Lyell
was a pioneer in the science of Geology
64
Factory Acts
passed to reform child labor
65
why did David Livingstone want to open the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade?
he felt like it would end the salve trade
66
cause of the Boer War?
gold and diamonds were discovered on Boer held lands
67
why did Russia want Bosporus and Dardanelles?
seaports to help in trade
68
cause of the Sepoy Rebellion
cartridges greased with animal fat
69
Open Door Policy
purpose was to protect the U.S's trading rights in China
70
what did European powers have to do to claim part of Africa
had to set up a government office there
71
how did Catholic and Protestant missionaries interact with African natives
saw natives as children in need of guidance
72
what sparked genocide against the Armenians
tensions between Turkish nationalists and ethnic groups
73
Muhammed Ali
known as the "father of modern Egypt" due to the reforms he made
74
result of the Sepoy Rebellion
parliament ended the rule of the East India Company
75
results of the Taiping Rebellion
the Qing government survived and had to share power
76
Treaty of Nanjing
Britain gained control of Hong Kong
77
Effect of nationalism on Austria
Austria began fearing rebellion from their subjects
78
what caused Britain to fight in WWI
Germany invaded Belgium
79
what did Schlieffen plan fail?
Russia was able to mobilize their army much more quickly than expected
80
what caused the stalemate on the Western Front?
Trench Warfare made it difficult for either side to win an advantage
81
why was the Ottoman Empire a valuable ally?
it controlled Russia's supply routes
82
Zimmerman Note
Germany offered to return lands to Mexico that that lost during the Mexico-American war
83
Treaty of Versailles focused on what?
punishing Germany
84
who seized control of Russia in 1917?
the Bolsheviks
85
Triple Alliance
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
86
why did Britain build the worlds biggest navy?
they needed to protect their overseas empires
87
effects of nationalism in pre-war Europe
Germany as proud of their new empires military power and industrial leadership
88
why did Russia enter the war?
Russia wanted to defend the Slavic people in Serbia
89
what ended German's hopes for a quick victory?
The First Battle of Marne
90
what did the Allies do to defend their merchant ships?
organized the merchant ships into convoys
91
how did the Eastern Front differ from the Western Front?
Trench warfare was not as widespread on the Eastern Front
92
why was the British blockade a violation of international law?
the blockade confiscated food and clothing as well as contraband
93
why did the Allies welcome the overthrow of Russia's tsar?
they hoped that Russia would become more Democratic and a stronger ally
94
why did Irish Americans oppose the war?
they resented British rule of Ireland
95
Fourteen Points
one of the biggest points was the right of Eastern Europeans to choose their own form of government
96
what did Georges Clemanceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?
he wanted to keep Germany weak so they would never be a threat again
97
how did European colonies feel after the Paris Peace Conference?
they felt betrayed because they didn't get their independence
98
who led the Bolsheviks?
V. I. Lenin
99
who made up the "white" armies?
Russian tartist officers, democrats, and other Bolsheviks

midterms (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions