HISTORY OF COMPUTER: BASIC COMPUTING PERIODS AND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

Question 1

a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program, software, or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.

Answer 1

Computer

Question 2

Four kinds of computer:

Answer 2

1. SUPERCOMPUTERS
2. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
3. MINICOMPUTERS
4. MICROCOMPUTERS

Question 3

any of a class of extremely powerful computers. The tem is commonly applied to the fastest high-performance systems avallable at any given dime.

Answer 3

Supercomuters

Question 4

Is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical appications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing

Answer 4

Mainframe computers

Question 5

A mainframe computer informally called a mainframe or?

Answer 5

Big iron

Question 6

computer that was smaller, less expensive, and less powerful than a mainframe or supercomputer but more expensive and more powerful than a personal computer.

Answer 6

Minicomputers

Question 7

a complete computer on a small scale, designed for use by one person at a time.

Answer 7

Microcomputers

Question 8

microcomputer is now primarily called a?

Answer 8

Personal computer

Question 9

Two Classification of Microcomputers:

Answer 9

1. Personal computers
2. Workstations

Question 10

Is a computer designed for individual use. It is typically used for tasks such as word processing, internet browsing, email, multimedla playback, and gaming.

Answer 10

Personal computer

Question 11

a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by a single user, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.

Answer 11

Workstations

Question 12

is a collection of code that drives a computer to perform a related group of tasks,

Answer 12

Software

Question 13

There are two types of software:

Answer 13

1. System Software
2. Application Software

Question 14

input is whatever Is put in (‘input” to a computer system. Input can be nearly any kind of data - letters numbers, symbols, colors, temperatures, sounds, or whatever raw material needs processing

Answer 14

Input operations

Question 15

the set of activities and techniques used to manage and optimize the production of goods and services in an organization.

Answer 15

Processing operations

Question 16

a mechanism that enables a computer to retain data, either temporarily or permanently.

Answer 16

Storage operations

Question 17

Two types of storage operations:

Answer 17

Primary Storage and Secondary Storage

Question 18

a key component of a computer system that enables it to function.

Answer 18

Primary storage

Question 19

is non-volatile and is used to store data and programs for later retrieval.

Answer 19

Secondary storage

Question 20

Secondary storage, sometimes called?

Answer 20

auxiliary storage

Question 21

refer to data signals sent by the output device in response to the data input.

Answer 21

Output operations

Question 22

Output has two types:

Answer 22

Softcopy and Hardcopy.

Question 23

an electronic copy (or e-copy) of some type of data, such as a file viewed on a computer’s display, one that doesn’t exist in physical form or on paper, but is Instead or transmitted as an email attachment.

Answer 23

Soft copy

Question 24

printed on the paper and sometimes it is referred as permanent copy.

Answer 24

Hard copy

Question 25

any processes that allow you to communicate which feature a computer or computer program.

Answer 25

Communication operations

Question 26

There are five basic operations of a computer:

Answer 26

1. Input operations 2. Processing operations 3. Storage operations 4. Output operations 5. Communication operations

Question 27

The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in?

Answer 27

1613

Question 28

was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.

Answer 28

Tally sticks

Question 29

a mathematical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations.

Answer 29

Abacus

Question 30

The abacus was invented in? And what b.c.?

Answer 30

Babylonia in 2400 B.C.

Question 31

are numbered rods hich can be used to perform multiplication of any number by a 2 - 9

Answer 31

Napier’s bone

Question 32

NAPIER'S BONE Also known as

Answer 32

Napier’s rod

Question 33

Napiers bone was invented by? And what year?

Answer 33

John Napier in 1614.

Question 34

A hand-operated mechanical calculator consisting of slidable ruler for evaluating mathematical operations

Answer 34

Slide ruler

Question 35

Slide ruler was invented by? And what year?

Answer 35

Willam Oughtred in 1622

Question 36

The first calculator or adding machine invented by Blaise Pascal

Answer 36

Pascaline

Question 37

Pascaline is the first calculator or adding machine invented by?

Answer 37

Blaise Pascal

Question 38

A mechanical calculator invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.

Answer 38

Stepped reckoner

Question 39

STEPPED RECKONER a mechanical calculator invented by? And what year?

Answer 39

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.

Question 40

is a mechanical loom, which was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1881,

Answer 40

Jacquard loom

Question 41

Jacquard Loom is a mechanical loom, which was invented by? And what year?

Answer 41

Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1881

Question 42

a mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820.

Answer 42

ARITHMOMETER

Question 43

ARITHMOMETER is a mechanical calculator invented by? And what year?

Answer 43

Thomas de Colmar in 1820

Question 44

Father of the Computer

Answer 44

Charles babbage

Question 45

Charles babbage in 1822 and 1834 also invented?

Answer 45

Difference and Analytical Machine

Question 46

What year charles babbage invented the Difference and Analytical Machine?

Answer 46

1822 to 1834

Question 47

Considered as the first computer programmer

Answer 47

AUGUSTA ADA BYRON

Question 48

Known as the first printing calculator, by spinning the handle, it automatically calculates and prints out the numbers in logarithmic table

Answer 48

SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION ENGINE

Question 49

An electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards

Answer 49

TABULATING MACHINE

Question 50

Tabulating machine was invented by? And what year?

Answer 50

Herman Hollerith in 1890

Question 51

was one of the earliest general-purpose electromechanical computers used in the war effort during the last part of World War II.

Answer 51

ASCC

Question 52

was a motor-driven mechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse.

Answer 52

Z1 computer

Question 53

Z1 computer was a motor-driven mechanical computer designed by?

Answer 53

Konrad Zuse

Question 54

was the first automatic electronic digital computer.

Answer 54

ABC

Question 55

which is integrated into every modern processor's design.

Answer 55

ALU

Question 56

the first commercially successful portable computer, released on April 3, 1981 by Osborne Computer Corporation,

Answer 56

Osborne 1

Question 57

The Osborne 1 is the first commercially successful portable computer, released on? And by the?

Answer 57

April 3, 1981 by Osborne Computer Corporation,

Question 58

was the world's first general-purpose electronic computer. is also considered the world's first programmable computer

Answer 58

ENIAC

Question 59

was one of the earliest electronic computers. Functionally, lt was a binary serial computer with automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication, programmed division and automatic checking with an ultrasonic serial memory

Answer 59

EDVAC

Question 60

was an early British computer. It was the second electronic digital stored-program computer to go into regular service.

Answer 60

EDSAC

Question 61

was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States.

Answer 61

UNIVAC 1

Question 62

UNIVAC 1 designed principally by?

Answer 62

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

Question 63

was founded by J, Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

Answer 63

EMCC

Question 64

EMCC was founded by?

Answer 64

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

Question 65

is the earliest age of information technology.

Answer 65

premechanical age

Question 66

is when we first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors.

Answer 66

Mechanical age

Question 67

can be defined as the time between 1840 and 1940. These are the beginnings of telecommunication.

Answer 67

Electromechanical age

Question 68

age is what we currently live in. It can be defined as the time between 1940 and right now.

Answer 68

Electronic age

Question 69

Five generations of computer:

Answer 69

1. First generation ( 1946 to 1958 ) 2. Second generation ( 1959 to 1964 ) 3. Third generation ( 1965 to 1970 ) 4. Fourth generation ( 1971 to today ) 5. Fifth generation ( today to future )

Question 70

The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which was called a?

Answer 70

vacuum tube

Question 71

-generation computers were used for calculation, storage, and control purpose.

Answer 71

First-generation computer

Question 72

-generation computers used the technology of transistors rather than bulky vacuum tubes.

Answer 72

Second-generation computer

Question 73

technology envisaged a shift from huge transistors to integrated circuits, also referred to as?

Answer 73

IC

Question 74

a variety of transistors were placed on silicon chips, called?

Answer 74

semiconductors

Question 75

The most feature of this era's computer was speed and reliability.

Answer 75

Third generation computer

Question 76

First microprocessors were used, the large-scale of Integration LS/ circuits built on one chip called?

Answer 76

microprocessors

Question 77

The computers using microchips were called?

Answer 77

microcomputers

Question 78

This generation provided even smaller size of computers, with larger capacities

Answer 78

Fourth generation computer

Question 79

The technology behind the fifth generation of computers is

Answer 79

AI

Question 80

The technology behind this generation of computers is Al.

Answer 80

Fifth generation computer