HISTORY OF NURSING Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
instinctive or untaught; largely based on common sense based on effects of past experience, not based on scientific training or formal education
A
INTUITIVE NURSING
2
Q
custodian or nurse in nomadic tribes
A
women
3
Q
evil invasion; voodoo or black magic
A
illness
4
Q
( witch doctor/medicine man) – has white magic ( healing power )
A
Shaman
5
Q
hole drilled in the skull via rock or stone without anesthesia
A
Trephination
6
Q
- Roots of Western civilization
- Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Mohammedanism
A
NURSING IN THE NEAR EAST
7
Q
Metropolis of the near East
A
Babylonia
8
Q
ruler from 1945 B.C. to 1902 B.C.
A
King Hammurabi
9
Q
no mention of nursing; provided laws that covered every facet of Babylonian life including medical practice
A
Code of Hammurabi
10
Q
Embalming was introduced; Record of 250 diseases; Still no mention of nursing
A
Egypt
11
Q
strongly believes in spirits and demons
A
china
12
Q
❖Prescribed methods of treating wounds, infections, and muscular afflictions
A
Materia Medica ( Pharmacology )
13
Q
No mention of nursing but presumed female as in-charge of nursing the sick
A
China
14
Q
- Men of medicine built hospitals
- Practice intuitive form of asepsis
A
INDIA
15
Q
absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
A
Asepsis
16
Q
Proficient in the practice of __________ and _________.
A
medicine
surgery
17
Q
Nursing was first mentioned in this era, by the first
lay brothers or the priest nurses
A
India
18
Q
(written 200 or 300 B.C.) made a list of functions and qualifications of the priest-nurses
A
Sushurutu/Susruta
19
Q
described as combination of pharmacists, masseurs, physical therapists and cooks.
A
priest-nurses
20
Q
Contributed to the decline of medical practice
when the religion itself fell in this era.
A
Buddhism
21
Q
- Nursing was task of untrained slave
- Women were considered inferior to men.
A
GREECE
22
Q
Father of Medicine in Greek Mythology
A
Aesculapius
23
Q
- Symbol of identity of medical profession today.
- Composed of the staff travelers intertwined with 2 serpents
A
Caduceus
24
Q
Father of Medicine in Reality
- Was given the title father of medicine due to his
notable contributions to medical practice.
- Developed philosophy of medicine and
practiced medical ethics.
- Rejected the belief that the origin of disease
could be found in the supernatural.
- Did not entrust care of the sick to untrained lay
persons but to medical students; so the role of nurses wasn’t also mentioned.
A
Hippocrates
25
In this era, Illness was considered a sign of weakness.
Rome
26
- Beginning of Organized Nursing
- Built hospitals were staffed by religious orders who
dedicated their lives to the care of the patients
Apprentice Nursing
27
Considered as “Holy Wars” during which the christian soldiers fought to recapture the holy land from the muslims.
Crusaders
28
TRUE OR FALSE: Organized nursing was found in the convent, secular and mendicant or begging orders
FALSE; Organized nursing was found in the MILITARY, secular and mendicant or begging orders
29
fought in the battlefield and after every fight would retire to nurse the wounded.
KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM (Rhodes, Malta) & Teutonic Knights
30
established their hospitals primarily for nursing of the lepers
KNIGHTS OF SAINT LAZARUS
31
• Founded in 1348
• Established the Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago which was the largest school of nursing under religious auspices operated exclusively for men in the U.S.
• Closed in 1969
-LARGEST SCHOOL OF NURSING UNDER RELIGIOUS AUSPICES.
Alexian Brothers
32
Founded by queens, princesses, and other royal ladies
RELIGIOUS NURSING ORDERS
33
• Where the Augustinian nurses nursed the patients
• Hospitals then were poorly ventilated, mattresses were hard and cleaned only 3x a year, beds were shared by 2 or 3 patients, laundry was done by nurses, linens were sometimes washed in the nearby river
HOTEL DIEU ( in Paris )
34
Arose in the12th to 16th centuries
Nursing Saints
35
- founder of the 2nd order of St. Francis of Assisi
- took care of the sick particularly the lepers in
the convent of San Damiano
ST. CLARE ( 1194 – 1253 )
36
- the first to be called the “Lady with a Lamp”
- nursed patients in the hospital of Santa Maria
de la Scala and in their homes
ST. CATHERINE OF SIENNA ( 1347- 1380)
37
when did the BUBONIC PLAGUE struck Sienna?
1347
38
• Organized the works of charity so as they could have directions
• Founder of “The Community of the Sisters of Charity” who were dedicated to serving God in caring for the sick, the poor, the orphaned, and the widowed
VINCENT DE PAUL
39
Vincent De Paul organized a group of women and then named them __ _______
La Charite
40
Co-foundress and the first superior of the charity of vincent de paul.
LOUISE DE GRAS ( nee de MARILLAC )
41
An era that gave arise to some violent conflicts; protentantism
the reformation
42
- Head of the Reformation Movement ; initiated some significant changes in the church and society to counter act some abuses.
.
Martin Luther
43
• A movement that encouraged a virtuous Christian life but discouraged violent conflicts; upheld some of the changes initiated by Martin Luther
• Focused on peaceful means of change through prayers and witnessing to a life of sacrifice
THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
44
- Rise of progress in arts and culture but NOT in moral and religious values
- Society was filled with thieves due to social deprivations
- Care of the sick was entrusted to those who were proven guilty of a crime of theft.
- Care takers were not given humane facilities like food and quarters, so all the more they got buried into evil deeds like stealing the patients’ foods, accepting bribes, etc.
All the above contributed to why the 17th and 19th centuries were considered to be the DARK AGE of society ( hence, concurrently, the dark period of Nursing)
Reneissance (Rebirth)
45
Writer who depicted the inhuman situation of the care takers
CHARLES DICKENS
46
Charles dicken wrote a novel entitled ______ __________, in which 2 characters ______ (Sarah) ____ and _____ _____ ( PRIG, PROG) portrayed the roles of such thieves who were given the task of taking care of the sick as a form of punishment
Martin Chuzzlewit
Sairey Gamp
Betzy Praeg
47
Bethlehem hospital in London
- Tickets were sold to the public to show the insane (showed
inhuman approach)
• Doctors became convinced of the need for training nurses
BEDLAM
48
- 1st organized training school for nurses
- Noted for 2 firsts:
a. rotating a 3 year experience in cooking and housekeeping, laundry and linen and nursing care in the women’s and men’s wards
b. preliminary or probationary 3 month period of trial and error for both school and student
DEACONESS SCHOOL OF NURSING (at Kaiserswerth, Germany )
49
Who established the Deaconess School of nursing?
Pastor Theodore Fliedner and his wife Fredericke
Munster Fliedner in Germany
50
- First laywoman who worked as a nurse on the North American continent
- Founder of the Hotel Dieu of Montreal in October 1644
Jeanne Mance
51
American who founded the Sisters of Charity of Emmetsburg in Maryland in 1809.
Elizabeth Seton
52
The nurse society of Philadelphia organized a school of nursing under the direction of Dr. Joseph Warrington in ____.
1839
53
Not a nurse but appointed Superintendent of Female Volunteer nurses to take care of the wounded for US government
DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX
54
founder of the American Red Cross
CLARA BARTON
55
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT
author
56
WALT WHITMAN
poet
57
MARY ANN BICKERDYKE
humanitarian
58
Born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy
Florence Nightingale
59
- cornerstone of nursing in England was laid
- 15 probationers entered St. Thomas Hospital in London to establish the Nightingale system of nursing which enabled young women from upper class English society to enter the profession of Nursing
June 15, 1860
60
- Decent living room quarters for students
- paid nurse instructors (by both school and hospital) correlation of theory and practice
- students should be taught of the “why not only the “how”
- limitations: non acceptance of new scientific discoveries
NIGHTINGALE SYSTEM ( main features)
61
Florence nightingale died at the age of 90
1910
62
believed to be the origin of the nurses’ pin
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’s BROOCH
63
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’s BROOCH Bears the words “______” and “Blessed are the ________”
Crimea
Merciful
64
• First graduate nurse in the US dated September 1, 1873
• At 32, she completed a 1- yr course in Nursing at the New England Hospital for Women and Children at Boston , Massachusetts ( 1872- 1873)
LINDA RICHARDS
65
what are the early school of nursing?
• Bellevue Training School for Nurses (NY)
• Connecticut Training School (New Haven)
• Massachusetts General Hospital ( Boston)
66
Promotes professionalism, cleanliness, and pride.
Nurses Uniform
67
symbolized the saying that “what people wear on their heads can set them apart” dating back to early times when a woman’s humility and obedience were denoted by the veil she wore on her head; it has a sacred connotation of commitment, purity, dignity, and other virtues.
Nurses Cap
68
o John Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing (1889)
LATER SCHOOL OF NURSING
69
1st principal of John Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing
Isabel Hampton Robb
70
appointed OR supervisor of john hopkins hospital school of nursing; had dermatitis
Caroline Hampton
71
ordered some rubber gloves from the Good year Rubber Company to solve the problem; believed to be the beginning of operating room gloves seen nowadays.
Dr. William Halstead
72
groundwork for the establishment of 2 nursing organizations laid at the Chicago’s World Fair
• Associated Alumnae became American Nurses’ Association
( 1911)
• The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses became the National League for Nursing Education ( 1912)
1893
73
also helped organize and develop the Associated Alumnae became American Nurses’ Association
( 1911) and The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses became the National League for Nursing Education ( 1912)
Isabel H. Robb
74
during the spanish american war she served as a nurse for patients with malaria and yellow fever
Clara Louise Maas ( East Orange New Jersey )
75
development of other nursing services aside from
hospital service, private duty, public health, school, government, material, etc.
1900 – 1912
76
College and postgraduate nursing education program
Age of Specialization
77
Standard curriculum and textbooks
Set Standards (1913 – 1937)
78
Nurses were assisted by the National Red Cross under the management of Jane Delano (founded in 1917).
World War I
79
The Great Depression
October 29, 1929 (Black Friday)
80
increased number of unemployed nurses
Financial Crisis
81
establishment of the world health organization by the UN
Scientific & Technical Research
Atomic Energy
Computers
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents Space Medicine
PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING
82
This was established in the city of Manila to care for the king’s soldiers. This was a general hospital administered by the Spanish government.
THE HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA (1577)
83
Fray Juan Clemente established this clinic for the service of leprous patients, hence, named after San Lazaro, a patron saint of lepers. This was administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios.
SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL (1578)
84
Established in Laguna, near Pansol, by fray J.Bautista of the Franciscan order near a medical spring which was believed to cure several patients.
HOSPITAL DE AGUAS SANTAS (1590)
85
Founded by the brotherhood of Misericordia and was
administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios from alms and rent.
SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL (1596)
86
Established in the little island on the Pasig river where the Hospicio de San Jose stands.
HOSPITAL DE CONVALENSENCIA (1656)
87
A military hospital established in Zamboanga.
HOSPITAL DE ZAMBOANGA(1742)
88
A general hospital supported by alms and donations
HOSPITAL DE CAVITE (1842)
89
Established for Chinese patients
HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL (1866)
90
-attended and dressed the wounded soldiers with care, cheer with soldiers. Escaped to Hongkong and died in 1902.
Mrs. Josephine Bracken
91
nurses the wounded soldiers without training
Rosa Sevilla de Alvaro
92
established a traveling clinic, President of the Filipino Red Cross in Batangas.
Doña Hilaria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo
93
nursed the wounded soldiers
Tandang Sora
94
Board of Health was organized on ____ ____.
July 1901
95
Administered under the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America, started school in April, 1906. and has the distinction of graduating the first trained
nurses in 1909. First board exam was given in Iloilo.
THE ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING(1906)
96
The missionary nurses, Ms. Hick’s and Deaconess Charlotte Massy started the school in 1907.
SAINT LUKE’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)
97
Mrs. Mary Colemen Masters and Mrs. Sofia Reyes de Veyra were among the pioneer American teachers who saw the need of trained nurses in our country. Both worked for the opening of the school.
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)
98
the third American chief nurse of the PGH was interested in the training of Filipino girls to enter the new profession of nursing.
Ms. Elsie McCloskey
99
was appointed by Senate President Quezon. She was the first Filipino to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines.
Ms. Anastacia Giron Tupas
100
first nurse graduate
Ms. Apolona Salvador Ladao
101
Established by Dr. Rebecca Parish and started its collegiate program beginning from the school year 1953 to 1954.
THE MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)
102
This school was opened on June 01, 1913 under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.
THE SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1913)
103
Established by Mrs. Tancheco in 1891. The school of nursing was opened in 1921.
THE CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1921)
104
It was a military hospital but later it was placed under the Bureau of Health to take care of civilians.
BAGUIO HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1923)
105
Ms. Fannie Hiday was the first superintendent of nurses.
MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING(1930)
106
Established in Lucena City with 150 beds, organized by Dr. Francisco Vicuña
THE QUEZON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING ( 1957 )
107
ILOILO
SAINT PAUL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1946)
108
The first school of midwifery was established by__ ____ _______ in 1922, who was appointed as the first secretary of health. It was opened at the Sampaloc General Hospital with only 10 students accepted.
Dr. Jose Fabella
109
In 1974, __ __________ _____ was appointed chairman of the board for midwifery. He is considered as the father of modern midwifery and the first director of Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Medical Center.
Dr. Ricardo B. Gonzales
110
Nursing in DLSMHSI started with the vision of the Yaman Lahi Foundation, Inc. Having __ ____ _____ as the President
Dr. Paulo Campos
111
Before it was called DLSMHSI it was known as the__________ _________ _________ _______ (GEAC) and was established on July 18, 1977.
General Emilio Aguinaldo College
112
PNLE ____, the College ranked 1st among the top-performing schools with a 100% passing rate of the graduates.
2019
113
Year ____, Nurse Licensure Examination, DLSHSI was again given the honor of being the 3rd top performing nursing school among the others in the Philippines
2008
114
Year ____, one of the graduates successfully made it to number 3 in the National Nurse Licensure Examination.
2001
115
Year ____, the college was recognized as the 6th top-performing school by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC) among nursing schools in the Philippines.
1998
