History of Psychoactive Plants: Entheogene Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is an entheogen?
Psychoactive substance used in religious or shamanistic context.
What were some common effects of entheogens?
Changes in perception and sense of time, heightened emotions, increased concentration/attention/memory, feeling of lost control
Which 4 hallucinogens were used in the Aztec of Mexico?
Peyotl, Teonanacatl, toloache, ololiuqui
What is peyotl from? What is its scientific name?
Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii)
What is Teonanacatl from? What is its scientific name?
Mushrooms (Psilocybe and Stropharia spp.)
What is Toloache from? What is its scientific name?
Solanaceous species of genus Datura
What is Ololiuqui from? What is its scientific name?
Morning glory seeds (Turnina and Ipomoea)
What was the most important plant used by the Inca of Peru and earlier civilizations?
Coca (Erythroxylon coca) (cocaine)
Why did the Inca view coca as a divine entity?
Satisfied hunger, stimulant and antidepressant, divine the future, strengthened energy
What two hallucinogenic plants were used by the Inca of Peru?
Datura species and Yopo (Wilka, huicla)
What did Yopo come from?
Snuff from leguminous tree (anadenanthera peregrine)
What plant did the Mestizos of the Amazon Basin use? What chemical compounds makes the plant psychoactive?
Vine Ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi, B. inebrians)- powerful psychoactive alkaloids
What 3 hallucinogenic plants did the southwestern Native Americans use?
Thornapple, Mescal Bean, Tobacco
Where does the Thornapple come from? What is its scientific name? What makes it hallucinogenic?
Comes from the tomato family. Scientific name: Datura stramonium. A hallucinogenic alkaloid hyoscine.
Where does the mescal bean come from? What is the scientific name? What is different about the seeds?
Comes from the evergreen leguminous shrub. Scientific name: Sophora secundiflora. Seeds are also poisonous
Australian Aborigines hallucinogens. What 2 plants were often noted?
Tobacco and Pituri
What is the scientific name of Tobacco?
Nicotiana gassei
What is the scientific name of Pituri? What makes it hallucinogenic?
Scientific name: Duboisia hopwoodii
Hallucinogenic alkaloid Hyoscine
The New Guinea Highlanders used the term “nonda” to describe their hallucinogenic plant. What was the plant?
Mushrooms
The Fang people (congo) of northwest equatorial Africa used what as a hallucinogenic plant?
IBOGA (Taberanthe iboga)
What did IBOGA allow the fang people to see in northwest equatorial Africa?
Bwiti- superior entity
What did the Indian Venda call a “divine nectar”? What other nation used it?
Marijuana (Cannabis sativa)- also used by Chinese shaman
What did India and China use as a medical and hallucinogenic plant(s)?
Datura metel and Datura ferox
Uralic-speaking people of the Reindeer Herdsmen of Siberia used what as a hallucinogenic ? What was the downside?
Flying Agaric Mushroom- could be poisonous
