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Psychology > History of Psychology > Flashcards

History of Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Cartesian Dualism

A

Rene Descartes “You are born with the contents of your mind”

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2
Q

Mind & Body, Seperate & Interact

A

Rene Descartes

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3
Q

Nativism

A

Rene Descartes

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4
Q

We are born with the contents of our mind

A

Rene Descartes

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5
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

John Locke

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6
Q

Blank Slate

A

John Locke - Empiricism

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7
Q

Experiences…

A

John Locke

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8
Q

One’s mind is empty at birth

A

John Locke - Empiricism

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9
Q

Empiricism

A

John Locke - Tabula Rasa

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10
Q

Who believes “Interactions from the environment, coming through our senses, creates the contents and processes of our mind”?

A

John Locke

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11
Q

First Lab

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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12
Q

Father of Psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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13
Q

First Experiment

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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14
Q

Experimental Method: Introspection

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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15
Q

Structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt and/or Edward Tritchner

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16
Q

Who says “The goal of psychology is to determine the Basic Elements of mind and body and how they combine to create our everyday conscious experience”

A

Wilhelm Wundt or Edward Titchner

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17
Q

Student of Wundt

A

Edward Titchner

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18
Q

Structuralism

A

Edward Titchner and/or Wilhelm Wundt

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19
Q

The goal of psychology is to determine the Basic Elements of mind and body and how they combine to create our everyday conscious experience

A

Edward Titchner or Wilhelm Wundt

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20
Q

Who is not searching for the Basic Elements?

A

William James - Scientific Method: Functionalism

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21
Q

Stream of Conciousness

A

William James - Functionalism

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22
Q

The contents of our mind are constantly changing

A

William James

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23
Q

Who believes in Functionalism as a Scientific Method?

A

William James

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24
Q

“Functionalism determines what the mental operations are, how they work and what they do to allow us to survive” Who is likely to believe this statement?

A

William James

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25
Q

Who’s methods used Behaviorism?

A

John B Watson

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26
Q

Study: environment & behavior

A

John B Watson, Behaviorism

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27
Q

The Scientific Method where you present an event, observe behavior. Who uses it and what is it called?

A

John B Watson - Behaviorism

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28
Q

said “Can not study the concious mind”

A

John B Watson

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29
Q

said “the goal of psychology is to determine the relationship between different environmental stimuli”

A

John B Watson

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30
Q

Name the 3 scientific methods

A

Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism

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31
Q

Name the 4 disciplines of Psychology

A

Philosophy
Biology
Medicine
Physics

32
Q

How do we define psychology today?

A

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior

33
Q

Who defined nature vs. nurture?

A

Francis Galton

34
Q

Names the 2 approaches to Psychology

A

Nativism - We are born with the contents of our mind
Empiricism - You are born with nothing and your experiences coming through your senses make up the contents of your mind

35
Q

He believed our mind is like a stream, always flowing with thought

A

William James

36
Q

He is the Father of Psychology who developed the first Psych experiment

A

Wilhelm Wundt

37
Q

He believe the mind and body are seperate AND they interact

A

Rene Descartes

38
Q

He believed we should study Psych based on observations of environment and behaviors

A

John Watson

39
Q

He presented the idea of Tabula Rasa (or Blank Slate)

A

John Locke

40
Q

The opposite of Empiricism

A

Nativism

41
Q

The alternative to Structuralism

A

Functionalism

42
Q

The first -method- that came before all others.

A

Introspection

43
Q

The disciplines that came before (led into psychology)

A

What is Philosophy, Biology, Physics, and Medicine

44
Q

The 2 issues discussed (argued) in history’s past.

A

Mind vs. Body and Nature vs. Nurture

45
Q

The description of Nativism

A

When we believe we are born with our mind, its contents and mental processes

46
Q

Mental processes developed because they were adaptive

A

Functionalism

47
Q

What Psychology should only study according to a behaviorist

A

The environment, behavior and the relationship between them

48
Q

What Psychologists should study according to a structuralist

A

Elements of the Mind

49
Q

What is the following approach called? Knowledge originates in experience; interactions with the environment

A

Empiricism

50
Q

The description of Nativism

A

We believe we are born with our mind, it’s contents and mental processes

51
Q

According to Empiricism, knowledge originates through this.

A

Experience

52
Q

The person responsible for clarifying the definition of Nature vs. Nurture

A

Francis Galton

53
Q

A science rooted in observation

A

Behaviorism

54
Q

There are three basic elements of the mind

A

Sensations, ideas, and feelings.

55
Q

The relationship between two of our historians

A

Wundt and Tritchner. Wundt was the teacher and Tritchner was the student.

56
Q

The theorectical place where sensations, feelings, reasoning, thoughts and memories preside

A

The mind

57
Q

The mind and body are seperate entities that can interact and thus influence one another

A

Rene Descartes’ Cartesian Dualism

58
Q

The mind is empty at birth

A

Tabula Rasa

59
Q

The ever changing mind

A

Stream of Consciousness

60
Q

A research method used to study psychology introduced by the structuralists.

A

Introspection

61
Q

What are the 3 categories of the basic elements of consciousness?

A

Sensation, ideas, and feelings.

62
Q

Describe Structuralism

A

focuses on attempting to understand human consciousness by analyzing its basic components. - basic elements

63
Q

Describe Functionalism

A

focuses on the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments. - adaptation

64
Q

Describe Behaviorism

A

focuses on behaviors being learned through interaction with the environment. - interaction

65
Q

Name and describe the scientific method Wundt and Tritchener proposed as a means to study Psychology.

A

Wundt and Tritchener used a structuralist experimental method called introspection to observe and report on individual sensory experiences and thoughts.

66
Q

Who was responsible for the emergence of psychology and what two “firsts” did he contribute?

A

Wilhelm Wundt was responsible for the emergence of psychology and he contributed the first psychology lab and the first psychological experiment.

67
Q

How do we define psychology today?

A

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior.

68
Q

The scientific approach equates experimental studies with (person’s name) and the clinical approach with (person’s name)

A

The scientific approach equates experimental studies with Wilhelm Wundt and the clinical approach with Sigmund Freud.

69
Q

_________ makes claims that are supposedly based on rigorous science and fact but are not supported by reliable verifiable scientific _______

A

Pseudoscience; evidence

70
Q

Define evidence.

A

facts and information indicating whether a belief is true

71
Q

Is it true that psychological truth is equivalent to common sense?

A

Psychological truth relies on scientific research and experimentation, while common sense is based on untested, shared beliefs about the world.

Psychological sciences stems from scientific testing of hunches or intuition, but sometimes these studies reveal that our intuitions are wrong.

72
Q

Name the 4 academic disciplines from which psychology emerged.

A

Philosophy, biology, medicine, and physics.

73
Q

Describe Nature

A

Nature is rooted in biological factors; heredity.

74
Q

Describe Nurture

A

Nurture is the rooted in external factors; environmental influences like experiences and exposure.

75
Q

Name Descartes view of how mind and body function and describe the two elements of his idea.

A

Descartes view of how the mind and body function is called Cartesian Dualism. The two elements of his idea are that the mind and body are two separate entities and they interact.

76
Q

Who was responsible for the emergence of psychology and what two “firsts” did he contribute?

A

Wilhelm Wundt
First Lab
First Experiment

Psychology (6 decks)

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