History of psychology

Question 1

Main idea of developmental psychology

Answer 1

Importance of experiences of early childhood + how it can influence later life

Question 2

Main people of developmental psychology

Answer 2

Freud, Ainsworth + Bandura

Question 3

What does evolutionary psychology believe?

Answer 3

We are living in a modern world with a stone-age body + mind

Question 4

What is social psychology?

Answer 4

How we interact with each other + world around us

Question 5

3 main components to social psychology

Answer 5

Individuals, group behaviour + key social issues

Question 6

What 3 components are used by biological psychology to understand behaviour?

Answer 6

Biology, physiology + genetics

Question 7

What is the Halo Effect?

Answer 7

Overall impression of a person influences how we feel + think about their character

Question 8

What did Dunn do in his study of the Halo Effect?

Answer 8

Compared same man in different shirts with different ‘T’ on them

Question 9

What did Dunn find in his study of the Halo Effect?

Answer 9

Widest T healthier + attractive

Question 10

What is the Stroop Effect?

Answer 10

Difficulty naming physical colours when used to spell name of different colour

Question 11

What did Plato think? Philosophical routes to psychology

Answer 11

Certain kinds of knowledge were innate

Question 12

What did Aristotle think? Philosophical routes to psychology

Answer 12

All knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 13

What did Socrates develop?

Answer 13

Introspection

Question 14

What does introspection mean?

Answer 14

Careful examination of your own thoughts + feelings

Question 15

In the 17th century what was philosophy bound to?

Answer 15

Religion

Question 16

What is Dualism?

Answer 16

Body material + soul spiritual

Question 17

What did Descartes challenge?

Answer 17

Dualism

Question 18

What did Descartes discover?

Answer 18

Soul acts on body at pineal body + wills movement + nerves bring sensory info to brain

Question 19

What did Hobbes believe in?

Answer 19

Materialism

Question 20

What is materialism?

Answer 20

All human behaviour can be understood by physical processes of body

Question 21

What did Darwin believe about evolution?

Answer 21

Those who inherit characteristics best adapted to environment survived + reproduced

Question 22

What did Wundt do?

Answer 22

Pioneer in application of scientific methodology to psychology

Question 23

What is structuralism?

Answer 23

Studying structure of mind through analysing elementary conscious experiences

Question 24

What is functionalism?

Answer 24

Focusing on minds functions instead of its structures

Question 25

What is the 'Stream of Consciousness'?

Answer 25

Underlying causes + practical consequences of certain behaviours + mental strategies

Question 26

What is Gestalt psychology?

Answer 26

All objects + scenes can be observed in their simplest forms - perception

Question 27

What is the 'Law of Simplicity'?

Answer 27

Whole object/scene more important than individual parts

Question 28

What is behaviourism?

Answer 28

All behaviour can be observed

Question 29

Who founded classical conditioning?

Answer 29

Pavlov

Question 30

Who founded operant conditioning?

Answer 30

Skinner

Question 31

Who founded psychoanalysis?

Answer 31

Freud

Question 32

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 32

Physical + mental problems originated by keeping disturbing memories out of consciousness

Question 33

What is the ID?

Answer 33

Energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives = pleasure principle

Question 34

What is the Ego?

Answer 34

Seeks to gratify the ID in realistic ways = reality principle

Question 35

What is the Super Ego?

Answer 35

Voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave

Question 36

Who created the Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 36

Maslow

Question 37

What are the 5 parts of Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 37

Self-actualisation, esteem, love/belonging, safety, physiological