Scientific approach to behaviour

Question 1

What is a science?

Answer 1

Universe operates according to certain natural laws, which are discoverable + testable

Question 2

What is psychology?

Answer 2

Study of behaviour, mind, experience + mental processes

Question 3

What are the 4 goals of scientific method?

Answer 3

Description, prediction, control + explanation

Question 4

3 examples of descriptive research methods

Answer 4

Case studies, naturalistic observations + surveys

Question 5

What does correlation research do?

Answer 5

Study degree of relationship between variables

Question 6

What do experiments do?

Answer 6

Explain causes of behaviour

Question 7

What is sampling bias?

Answer 7

Sample not representative of population or inappropriate for question asked

Question 8

How do you minimise sampling bias?

Answer 8

Use random sample

Question 9

What is measurement bias?

Answer 9

Method of data collection doesn’t match reality

Question 10

What is ‘nature’ of the nature-nurture debate?

Answer 10

Role of genetics in forming behaviour, personality + other parts of ourselves

Question 11

What is ‘nurture’ of the nature-nurture debate?

Answer 11

Role of family, society, education + other social factors in forming behaviour, personality + other parts of ourselves

Question 12

What is tabula rasa?

Answer 12

Blank tablet of mind

Question 13

What did Locke believe?

Answer 13

Children born as blank canvas + learns from social interactions

Question 14

What is Rousseau believe?

Answer 14

Innocent good child becomes corrupted by society

Question 15

What did Piaget study?

Answer 15

Theory of cognitive development (birth-late teens)

Question 16

What did Erikson study?

Answer 16

Psychosocial development (birth-late adulthood)

Question 17

What is attachment?

Answer 17

Strong enduring bond that infant shares with significant individual who knows + responds well to infant’s need

Question 18

What is Bowlby’s attachment theory?

Answer 18

Attachment is an evolved biological given + acts to source + maintain nurturance, protection + security

Question 19

What 4 types of attachment did Ainsworth find?

Answer 19

Secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistance + disorganised

Question 20

How many children were securely attached?

Answer 20

66%

Question 21

How many children were insecure-avoidant attached?

Answer 21

22%

Question 22

How many children were insecure-resistance attached?

Answer 22

12%

Question 23

How did securely attached children act when mother left?

Answer 23

Mildly distressed

Question 24

How did insecure-avoidant attached children act when mother left?

Answer 24

No reaction

Question 25

How did insecure-resistant attached children act when mother left?

Answer 25

Intense distress

Question 26

How did securely attached children act when mother returned?

Answer 26

Warmly greeted her

Question 27

How did insecure-avoidant attached children act when mother returned?

Answer 27

Ignored her

Question 28

How did insecure-resistant attached children act when mother returned?

Answer 28

Reacted angrily

Question 29

How did mothers act towards securely attached child?

Answer 29

Sensitively

Question 30

How did mothers act towards insecure-avoidant attached child?

Answer 30

Ignored infant when distressed

Question 31

How did mothers act towards insecure-resistant attached child?

Answer 31

Inconsistent + put their own needs first

Question 32

How do disorganised attachment children act?

Answer 32

Confused, indecisive + disorientated behaviour

Question 33

How developed the temperament hypothesis?

Answer 33

Kagan

Question 34

What is the temperament hypothesis?

Answer 34

Some infants born with personality that makes them friendly - easier to be caring. Others have difficult personalities - less likely to be comforted