History of the Middle East: Review

Question 1

What was the Code of Hammurabi?

Answer 1

• Mesopotamia/ Babylon leaders law-code
• first written set of laws
• based on social class (not fair) and harsh

Question 2

What is Mesopotamia?

Answer 2

Area in M.E. aka. Fertile Crescent, Tigris and Euphrates; started out as a city-state Sumer, It’s now Iraq today

Question 3

Compare a city-state and empire

Answer 3

Empire includes many city-states, Both have an independent gov’t

Question 4

Holy books for Judaism, Islam, Christianity

Answer 4

Judaism: Torah; Islam: Koran; Christianity: Bible

Question 5

What are the main similarities of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

Answer 5

Monotheism; After-life; Founded in M.E.;Set of rules for behavior

Question 6

How are the Ten Commandments and the 5 Pillars of Faith similar?

Answer 6

guidelines for moral and ethical behavior

Question 7

Which religion is paired with Diaspora, Zionism, and the Talmud?

Answer 7

Judaism

Question 8

Which event linked European and Middle Eastern merchants leading to increased trade and cultural diffusion?

Answer 8

Crusades

Question 9

List key achievements of the Golden Age of Muslim Culture

Answer 9

Peace, Propserity, progress- math, science, art, preserved European knowledge during Dark Ages- in Arabic

Question 10

Which group was a victim of genocide in the Ottoman Empire during the WWI?

Answer 10

Armenian Genocide

Question 11

Why was Palestine partitioned in 1947?

Answer 11

British created Israel for Jews, split land w/ Muslims

Question 12

Describe beliefs of an Islamic Fundamentalist.

Answer 12

• Traditional/Orthodox

- non-modern/anti-westernization

Question 13

What type of group will use bombings, kidnappings, and hijackings to further their cause?

Answer 13

terrorists

Question 14

How were the leadership styles of Louis XIV, Ivan the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, Shah Reza Pahlavi, and Saddam Hussein similar?

Answer 14

Absolute power, centralized authority, ruled without consent

Question 15

Which Middle Eastern leader worked to modernize Turkey in the late 1920s and 1930s?

Answer 15

Mustafa Kemel Ataturk (modern)

Question 16

Why is the Suez Canal a vital trade route?

Answer 16

Connects Europe to Asia , Atlantic to Indian, Mediterranean to Red Sea

Question 17

Which 1917 British Document promised land to Zionists indirectly leading to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Answer 17

Balfour Declaration

Question 18

Term for Jewish nationalism

Answer 18

Zionism

Question 19

What is OPEC and how does it have a direct impact on most industrialized nations?

Answer 19

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

-controls oil production and pricing

Question 20

Which term is most associated with Zionist, Palestinian, and Kurd desires for independent homelands?

Answer 20

nationalism-pride in one’s country and/or desire for self-rule

Question 21

Which term is closely associated with Peter the Great, Kemel Ataturk, and Shah Pahlavi?

Answer 21

westernization

Question 22

Why did the USA and USSR compete for influence in the Middle East during the Cold War?

Answer 22

strategic location

Question 23

Which policy is most associated with the establishment of protectorates in the Middle East?

Answer 23

Imperialism

Question 24

Which nation is most associated with the leadership of Suddam Hussein?

Answer 24

Iraq

Question 25

Which country was established leading to the creation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the outbreak of several wars including the Six Day War and the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 25

Israel

Question 26

Which event is most associated with both the Truman Doctrine and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 26

Cold war

Question 27

What were two primary causes of the Iranian Revolution and the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979?

Answer 27

- "Shah" failed to meet the needs of the people | - Shiite majority wanted to return to an Orthodox culture

Question 28

What 1980s event in the Middle East East disrupted the economic development of Iran and Iraq?

Answer 28

Iran-Iraq War

Question 29

What event set off the mass migration of Afghan refugees into Pakistan?

Answer 29

Soviet invasion-1979

Question 30

Which two groups is the USA and the UN working to eliminate from Afghanistan?

Answer 30

Taliban and Al Queda

Question 31

Name the founder and leader of the P.L.O.?

Answer 31

Palestinian Liberation Organization- Yesser Arafat

Question 32

Which term is most associated with Muslim nationalism in the Middle East ?

Answer 32

Pan-Arabism

Question 33

Why id the Middle East known as the cultural crossroads?

Answer 33

Connects 3 continents- African, European, and M.E. Cultures= Diversity