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Foundations Of Vet Tech > History & Physical > Flashcards

History & Physical Flashcards

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1
Q

Examinations help establish a relationship between the vet, the client, and the patient.
Legal requirement in most states.
Necessary for the vet to be able to treat the animal and prescribe medications.

A

Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR)

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2
Q

The most common veterinary procedure and the foundation of diagnosis/treatment.

A

Physical Examination

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3
Q

First step of every vet physical examination.
Provides information that helps the vet evaluate the patient’s physical status, develop a diagnosis, create a treatment plan, and offer a prognosis (outlook) for the patient).

A

Medical History

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4
Q

Overall patient description.
Includes breed, gender, age, and reproductive status.

A

Signalment

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5
Q

Key components of a good, thorough history are:

A

Identifying primary/presenting problem.
Completing a medical history.
Completing the environmental history.
Reviewing the body systems.

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6
Q

The reason for the patient’s visit.

A

Primary/Presenting Problem
Client Complaint

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7
Q

Details animal’s current living situation.
Including travel history.
Ownership, diet, medications, environment.

A

Environmental History

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8
Q

Discuss each body system in sequence and record any current or previous problems.

A

Body Systems History & Body Systems Review

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9
Q

Skin, scales, hair, nails, hooves, horns, feathers.

A

Integumentary System

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10
Q

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

A

Respiratory System

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11
Q

Heart, blood, blood vessels.

A

Circulatory System

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12
Q

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

A

Gastrointestinal System
Digestive System

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13
Q

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, reproductive organs.
Male - penis, prostate, testes.
Female - ovaries, uterus, vagina.

A

Urogenital System

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14
Q

Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, connective tissues.

A

Musculoskeletal System

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15
Q

Brain, spinal cord, nerves.

A

Nervous System

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16
Q

Science that relates to different parts of an animal’s body.

A

Anatomy

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17
Q

Science that explains how body parts function individually and collectively.

A

Physiology

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18
Q

Way to measure a horse’s weight by measuring around the horse’s chest (heart area just behind the elbow) and a conversion char that translates the circumference of horse’s chest into total body weight.

A

Heart-Girth Tape

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19
Q

Mitral and tricuspid valve closures.

A

“Lub” (heart sound)

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20
Q

Aortic and pulmonic valve closures.

A

“Dub” (heart sound)

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21
Q

Abnormal heart rate or rhythm.

A

Arrhythmia

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22
Q

Abnormally slow heart rate (arrhythmia).

A

Bradycardia

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23
Q

Abnormally fast heart rate (arrhythmia).

A

Tachycardia

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24
Q

Heart rate cyclically decreases when the animal exhales and increases when the animal inhales.

A

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

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25
Abnormal “swooshing” sounds relating to the improper closure of heart valves (or other cardiac diseases).
Murmur
26
Heart pumps blood through the arteries —> arterial walls expand/contract. ________ is created via this pressure on the arterial walls.
Pulse
27
Pulse - excessive pressure.
Bounding
28
Pulse - weak, *feels like a small thread moving under your fingers*.
Thready
29
One inhalation and one exhalation.
Breath *Full Respiration*
30
Lung sound - harsh noises that sound like crumpling cellophane paper.
Crackles
31
Lung sound - high pitched *musical* noises hear on *expiration*.
Wheezes
32
Lung sound - high pitched noises on inspiration *OR* expiration.
Stridor
33
Blood flow to organs and peripheral tissues.
Perfusion
34
MM color indicating shock.
Pale/White
35
MM color indicating hypothermia or cardiac/respiratory disease.
Blue/Purple *(Cyanotic)*
36
MM color indicating shock or hyperthermia.
Red *(Hyperemic)*
37
Virals order:
Weight Heart Rate Pulse Respiratory Rate (and Effort) Mucous Membrane Color Capillary Refill Time (CRT) Temperature
38
Dog Vitals
Temp: 99.5-102.5°F HR/Pulse: 80-140 **(young)**, 60-140 **(adult)** Respiration: 20-25 **(young)**, 20-30 **(adult)**
39
Cat Vitals
Temp: 100.5-102.5°F HR/Pulse: 140-200 **(young)**, 140-200 **(adult)** Respiration: 20-30 **(young)**, 20-40 **(adult)**
40
Horse Vitals
Temp: 99-101°F HR/Pulse: 60-80 **(young)**, 30-50 **(adult)** Respiration: 14-15 **(young)**, 9-10 **(adult)**
41
Cow Vitals
Temp: 100-102°F HR/Pulse: 100-150 **(young)**, 40-60 **(adult)** Respiration: 30-60 **(young)**, 12-16 **(adult)**
42
Sheep Vitals
Temp: 101-104°F HR/Pulse: 80-120 **(young)**, 70-80 **(adult)** Respiration: 15-20 **(young)**, 15-40 **(adult)**
43
Involves careful visual inspection of each body part and evaluating the animal as a whole. *Observe at a distance noting demeanor, posture, and gait.* *Examine appearance for ways to identify any problems.*
Observation
44
Involves touch. *Tissues/structures, something that’s hard that should be soft or something that’s soft that should be hard, texture, if the animal flinches.*
Palpation
45
Involves listening with a stethoscope to the body’s various sounds. *Heart and lungs.* *But also sinuses, windpipe, stomach, and intestines.*
Auscultation
46
A comprehensive head-to-tail examination involves each body system: *List them.*
Integumentary Respiratory Circulatory Gastrointestinal Urogenital Musculoskeletal Nervous Lymphatic Eyes and Ears
47
Comprises skin, hair, nails, and skin. *Start with coat —> skin —> surface of legs/paws —> turgor pressure.*
Integumentary System
48
Normal elastics of the skin. *Evidence of dehydration.*
Turgor Pressure
49
Check nose/sinuses, mouth (oral cavity), throat, and thorax.
Respiratory System
50
Crackling/rattling sounds during inhalation.
Rales
51
Examine mouth (including mucous membranes and CRT), throat, thorax, and pulse.
Circulatory System
52
Where to feel the pulse:
Femoral artery in small animals. Facial artery of large animals.
53
Difference between heartbeat and pulse beat (feel pulse beat while listening to heartbeat). *Notably slower or pulse beat is missing.*
Pulse Deficit
54
Examine mouth (oral cavity), throat (esophagus), abdomen, and rectum.
Gastrointestinal System *Digestive System*
55
Involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine (or other canal), creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the digestive tract forward.
Peristalsis
56
Female —> check mammary glands and examine vulva. Male —> palpate testicles and penis.
Urogenital System
57
Palpate muscles and leg bones. Examine each joint for range of motion. Apply pressure to the muscles around the spine (moving from neck to tail). Body Condition Score (BCS). Muscle Condition Score (MCS).
Musculoskeletal System
58
Wasting away.
Atrophy
59
Degree of slimness or obesity on a scale of 1-9.
Body Condition Score (BCS)
60
Degree of muscle present on a scale of 1-4.
Muscle Condition Score (MCS)
61
Evaluate palpebral reflex, menace reflex, and propioception.
Nervous System
62
Evaluated by touching the medial corner of the eye to elicit a blink.
Palpebral Reflex
63
Evaluate by moving an open palm rapidly toward animal’s eye (should elicit blinking).
Menace Reflex
64
Righting reflex. *Flex paw, place it on floor, animal should immediately return paw to its normal position.*
Proprioception
65
Evaluates animal’s palpable peripheral lymph nodes. *Submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal, and popliteal.*
Lymphatic System
66
Lymph node located caudal to the mandible on each side of jaw.
Submandibular *Lymph Node*
67
Lymph node located just cranial and dorsal to the shoulder joint.
Prescapular *Lymph Node*
68
Lymph node located in the animal’s armpit region.
Axillary *Lymph Node*
69
Lymph node located in the inguinal region between the rear legs (groin).
Inguinal *Lymph Node*
70
Lymph node located at the caudal aspect of the rear leg behind the stifle (knee) joint.
Popliteal *Lymph Node*
71
Don’t nearly fit in any one system, so examined as separate organs.
Eyes & Ears
72
Membrane that covers the eyeball and the inside of the eyelids.
Conjunctiva
73
White part of eye.
Sclera
74
Transparent layer that covers the very front of the eye.
Cornea
75
For examination/magnification of the eye.
Ophthalmoscope
76
Ear drum.
Tympanic Membrane
77
For examination/magnification of the ear.
Otoscope
78
For examination/magnification of the ear.
Otoscope
79
What does SOAP stand for?
**S**ubjective **O**bjective **A**ssessment **P**rocedue/**P**lan
80
Include the reason the animal is being presented to the vet clinic and observations that can’t be quantified. *Subject to the observation/descriptive powers of the evaluator.* Includes patient history details obtained from the client.
Subjective Data
81
Quantifiable, data that is/can be measured. *Includes weight, temperature, pulse, respiration, lab data, and details of the physical exam.*
Objective Data
82
Includes possible/probable explanations for the problem *(differential diagnosis)*. *Roadmap for diagnostic testing —> guiding vet’s testing choices.*
Assessment
83
Outlines the plan for treatment and the prognosis. *Includes any problems that should be monitored, follow-up care instructions to the client, medications prescribed, and other recommendations.
Procedure/Plan
84
Client’s interactions with the practice (most are with he vet). *Animal’s recovery/health depend on the client’s ability to administer follow-up care.
Client Education

Foundations Of Vet Tech (7 decks)

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