History Quiz #1 Flashcards
Urbanization led to…
Rapid growth of major cities
Laissez-Faire
French term meaning “let-do”. Supporters felt that ppl should be able to buy, sell, hire without government interference. “Hands off” approach
Socialism
The belief that the means of productionshould be owned and operated by society; the radical idea of SHARING
Capitalism
- Private parties sought to take advantage of free market conditions
- economic decisions by private parties, not by governments or nobility
- forces of supply and demand determine price
Thomas malfious
Urged families to have less children
Foundations of industrialization: what was critical to Great Britain
Coal
Why did the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?
Natural resources. Water provided power for the machines and transportation of goods and raw materials. Coal was used to fuel the machines.
James Watt
Invented a steam engine in 1765. The steam engine burn coal which drove a piston which turned a wheel. Widespread use by 1800 meant increased productivity and cheaper prices.
Luddites
Industrial protests
They struck against Mills and destroyed machines in 1811 and 1816. 14 luddites hung in 1813 and the movement died
Enclosure movement
1760-1815
Parliament enclosed 6 million acres of communal land
What did mass production provide
Cheaper goods
Eli Whitney
Promoted mass production of interchangeable parts for firearms
Henry ford
1913
Introduced assembly line to automobile production
Karl Marx
German philosopher who set out to provide a scientific basis for socialism
The communist manifesto
1848
- Claimed capitalism would lead to Communist Revolution
- dictatorship of the proletariat it would destroy capitalism
- Socialism would follow a fair just and Egalitarian society
- ideas dominated European and international socialism throughout 19 century
Communism
Then last stage of socialism where each individual would find true fulfillment
The young Turks
- The most active dissident organization founded in 1889
- called for universal suffrage, equality, freedom, and secularization of the state
The Meiji restoration
- In a brief Civil War Tokugawa armies were defeated by dissident militia
- The boy Emperor Mutsuhito, known as Meiji, took the reins of power
Constitutional government
- It gave the Emperor Paramount power and limited the rights of the people
- despite its conservative nature, it provided opportunity for debate and dissent
Zaibatsu
Financial cliques, wealthy families became powerful and banking and industry
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854
The shogun agreed to open to Japanese ports to American ships; the United States soon won other trading rights with Japan; in time Great Britain, France, and Russia game similar trading rights
Emancipation of serfs
- Serfdom was viewed as an obstacle to economic development
- tsar Alexander II abolished serfdom in 1861 after the Crimean war
- serfs gained right to land, but had to pay a redemption tax, no political rights
- The emancipation did not lead to an increase of agricultural production
The Crimean war
1853-56
- Russia expanded to Manchuria, Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean
- The Southwest expansion upset the balance of power in Europe
- The war against Europe clearly revealed weakness of the Russian Empire
- devastating defeat compelled tsarist just autocracy to socialist reforms
Adam smith
Said society would prosper as individuals pursued their own interests
