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From Flashcardlet > history quiz 1: review and quiz questions > Flashcards

history quiz 1: review and quiz questions Flashcards

0
Q

debates about the aboriginal origins (2)

A

creation myths

Beringia

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1
Q

population levels before the contact (2)

A

Canada 500,000 - 2 million

North America 3-10 million

(consider impact of diseases)

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2
Q

aboriginal groups in the eastern woodlands differences (3)

A

linguistic

subsistence

political

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3
Q

aboriginal groups in the eastern woodlands (2)

A

algonquians

iroquoians

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4
Q

Algonquian groups (5)

A

mi’kmaq

innu (Montagnais and Naskapi)

Algonquin

Ojibwa

Cree

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5
Q

Iroquoians (2–> 5)

A

confederacies
-Huron/Wendat
(rock, bear, deer, cord)

-Iroquois (Five Nations)
Seneca
Cayuga
Oneida
Onondoga
Mohawk
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6
Q

common cultural traditions (4)

A

decentralized government

means of social control

trade

spiritual traditions

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7
Q

decentralized government in aboriginal cultures

A

personal autonomy: men and women

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8
Q

means of social control in aboriginal cultures (3)

A

kin

retribution

restitution

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9
Q

characteristics of aboriginal cultures (conclusion)

A

constant adaptation and change (norm!)

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10
Q

Iroquoian-speaking characteristics (3)

A

Sedentary settled villages (~1500)

Farmers (80% food–> agriculture)

Denser population

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11
Q

Iroquoian-speaking: social organization (4)

A

Female centre

Women in control of food supply

Matrilineal

Matrilocal

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12
Q

Iroquoian-speaking: politics (2)

A

Confederacies–> annual chiefs meetings (chiefs chosen by women)

Combination of matriarchal (decisions) and patriarchal (public face)

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13
Q

Iroquoian-speaking: warfare (4)

A

Men proving manhood (weren’t out as much as Algonquian that relied more on hunting)

Defence strategy (every 15-20 years villages would move to another territory)

Need to have more territory

Take captives–>mourning wars

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14
Q

Mourning wars (2)

A

Replace deaths with captives

If willing, captive would get adopted and receive dead’s name

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15
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: government (2)

A

Decentralized authority

Chief: spokesman and leader for guidance

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16
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Social Order (5)

A

No jails

Shaming

Expulsion (worst case)

Families: strong role
Family honour

Retribution/Revenge/Restitution (Blood Feud)

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17
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Blood Feud

A

Family of victim would seek revenge and kill murder–> cycle

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18
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Restitution (2)

A

Avoid murder cycle from blood feud

Murder would offer something to the victim’s family

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19
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Trade (4)

A

Satisfy necessities

Trade between Aboriginal groups

Establish a connection with other people
trust
social bond
alliances

Reciprocity

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20
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Reciprocity from trade

A

Wealth obtained through trade would be shared with the community

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21
Q

Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Religion and spiritual Beliefs (4)

A

Animism–> all aspects of the natural world are HOMES of spirits: animals, humans, sun, moon, river, etc

Harmonious relationships

Ask permission to animal spirit to be hunter

Shamans–> spiritual guidance

22
Q

Algonquian-Speaking:characteristics (4)

A

Further toward the north

Not farmers

Nomadic hunters (moved in season basis looking for food)

Did NOT lived in large populations

23
Q

Europe: government

A

Absolutism (centralized)

24
Q

Europe: social norms (5)

A

Hierarchical:

1) king
2) nobility
3) artisans/ intellectuals
4) peasants
5) slaves

25
Q

Europe XV: religion (2)

A

Christianity–> Roman Catholic

Protestant–> Lutherans
Quakers
Calvinist

26
Q

Europe XV: 1400’s Expansion (4)

A

Increased population

Monarchs involved

Expansion of faith

Technological advances

27
Q

Europe XV: 1400’s Expansion early countries (3)

A

Spain–>1492 Columbus, Hispaniola

Portugal

England

28
Q

Europe XV: France expansion (3)

A

Verrazano

Cartier (3 voyages)–> encounters with mi’kmaq (also traded)and st. Lawrence Iroquois

FRENCH ASSUMPTION–> terra nullius( blank/empty)

29
Q

Europe XV: fishery (4)

A

John Cabot: hired by England

Expanded contact between aboriginal and European

Aboriginal groups: Beothuk
Mi’kmaq
Montagnais

Links to fur trade

30
Q

French Colonization: establishment and Alliances (3)

A

1605: Port Royal established (beneficial for mi’kmaq–> alliance)

Acadia established

1608: Quebec established–> Champlain moves base from Port Royal and negotiates permission with Montagnais (beneficial for trade)
* *form alliances with Algonquin and Huron–> French against Iroquois

31
Q

French Colonization: Huron/Wendat Confederacy (7)

A

Main providers of pelts for French

Middlemen role in trade–> traded with northern groups for prepared pelts in change for farming goods and then the pelts with the French for arms

Alliance

Impact of fur trade on intertribal relations: got used to French-commodities and cultural split

Recollets and Jesuits tried to convert Huron–> benefits from converting: getting arms

1635-1640: epidemic–> debilitating Huron

1648-1649: Iroquois(traded with Dutch without religious impositions) destroy Huron for pelts reserves and population
** major lost for French

32
Q

French Colonization: Colonial Development (3)

A

Company of 100 Associates: fur monopoly in return would bring catholic colonist for 15 years.

1629-1632: English control

Catholic Religious Orders: Jesuits
Recollets
Ursulines

33
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760 (3)

A

1660: French government intervenes in New France (King Louis XIV)
1760: English conquest of New France

Metropolis: France

Frontier: New France (Quebec)

34
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760: MERCANTILISM IN FRANCE (6)

A

Economic system

Protective trading: trade for benefit of France

Restrictions impose by state

Self-substaining country/ economic system: reduce imports and increase exports

Trade=wealth

Jean-Baptiste Colbert: Minister of Finance and Colonies
Considered needs of colony and what this could provide for France

35
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760 COLONIAL REORGANIZATION (4)

A

1) Military Security
2) Government Structure
3) Population
4) Economic Development

36
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760 COLONIAL REORGANIZATION–> Military Security (2)

A

Cariqnan-Salieres Regiment (offered land in New France)

1666: Attack to Mohawk territory

37
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760 COLONIAL REORGANIZATION–> Government Structure (4 + 1date)

A

1663: New France declared a Royal Colony (dependant on French Crown)

Positions in New France:
1) Governor–> kings representative, military head, diplomacy

2) Intendant–> civil matters, economic development, justice and finance
3) Superior Council–> headed by intendant, respected members of colony, court of appeal
4) Captain of Militia–> local, appointed by governor, no governmental role, trained and oversee militia

38
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760 COLONIAL REORGANIZATION–> Population (4)

A

Filles du Roi: 770 orphan girls subsided by king

Labour force: engages ( indentured servants)

Intermarriage

Conversion of Iroquois–> moved to colony

1660: 3000
1700: 15 000
1760: 70 000 (English: 1.5 million)

39
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760 COLONIAL REORGANIZATION–> Economic Development (5)

A

Attempts to control fur trade

Compact Colony Policy (Quebec and Montreal)

New industries: hemp
ship building
Iron works
Tanneries

Industries: farming and fishing

Agriculture: Seigneurial System

40
Q

Mercantilism

A

Mercantilism was an economic system by which a country gained strength and greatness by becoming self-sufficient using colonies to ensure that the mother country had a ready source of raw materials and a market for its finished products. This trading system was closed to all other countries thereby freeing the mother country from dependence on other nations.

41
Q

Compact Colony

A

self-reliant and defensible with a prosperous agricultural foundation and its own basic industries in the St. Lawrence Valley

42
Q

New France: Canada 1660-1760–> COLONIAL SOCIAL STRUCTURE

A

Class

Gender

Race

43
Q

QUIZ QUESTION
What was the CENTRAL cause of the high mortality rate experienced by Aboriginal People in Northern America following contact with European?

A

Diseases

44
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

Were the Iroquois and the Huron/Wendat trading partners in the early seventeenth century?

A

False (they were enemies)

45
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

In one of the following tribes, women played a prominent political and social role.

A

Seneca (Iroquoian group)

Iroquoian characteristic, not Algonquian

46
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

Historian George Sioui argues that the Iroquiois Confederacy attacked the Huron/Wendat in 1649 in order to:

A

Gain captives to strengthen the Iroquois Confederacy.

Other historians suggest that it was also to gain access to beaver pelts since they depleted their reservoir

47
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

What was FIRST activity that linked North America into the European market system in the early 16th century?

A

Fishery

48
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

Which Aboriginal group gave permission to the French to establish a trading post at Port Royal in 1605?

A

Mi’kmaq

49
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

Was France a predominantly Catholic state?

A

True

50
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

Who was the most decentralized form of government, First Nations or the French?

A

First Nations

51
Q

QUIZ QUESTION

According to Ramsay Cook, which of the following wished to make a garden out of a wildness in Acadia?

A

The French

52
Q

QUIZ QUESTION
What was the name of the ECONOMIC SYSTEM that assumed that colonies should provide raw materials needed by the metropolis as well as markets for its finished products?

A

Mercantilism

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