History: Restoration England Flashcards

Question

Why it hard to stop The Great Plague?

Answer 1

- Limited medical knowledge - Lack of effective treatment - Poor sanitation - Dense population - Lack of money/resources

Answer 2

- Trade disruptions - Labour shortages - Less money generated through taxes - Some blamed the Catholics or the French - Some thought it was a punishment from God

Answer 3

A spark in the bake-house of Thomas Farriner, which started a fire. Farriner failed to put the fire out and it spread rapidly.

Answer 4

- Ineffective fire fighters - Hot, dry and windy weather - Wooden buildings

Answer 5

- Damage to buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral - Blamed on Catholic, French and Dutch people - £25k worth of cloth burnt - £20k worth of coal burnt - Wooden buildings replaced - Rent increased - Housing shortage - Streets widened - Trade disrupted

Answer 6

Conduct or speech inviting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch

Answer 7

- Political opinions/concerns shared - Religions opinions shared - Satire and sedition - Business - Meeting people with similar interests - Reading newspapers, where some had specialist insider information

Answer 8

- Entertainment - It was fashionable - Women wore revealing clothing

Answer 9

A woman who initially sold oranges during theatre intervals, but she caught the eye of playwright Killigrew. She got trained in acting and became very successful, even having an affair with Charles II.

Answer 10

- Limited rights - No vote - Seen as physically and mentally weaker than men - Ruled by men in their family - However, some women gained publicity in theatre

Answer 11

Founded in 1660, it was a group of scientists and thinkers, supported by Charles II (royal patronage), who promoted experimentation and scientific discoveries based on observation rather than superstition.

Answer 12

A major shift where people began to understand the world through observation, experimentation and reason instead of religion.

Answer 13

Scientist who worked with the Royal Society. He discovered cells with a microscope and worked on rebuilding London after the Great Fire.

Answer 14

A famous scientist and architect known for designing St Paul's Cathedral following the Great Fire of London. He was a member of the Royal Society and combined scientific knowledge with architectural design.

Answer 15

The idea that wealth is finite and that countries were competing for a fixed amount of global trade

Answer 16

- American colonies - Bombay (India) - Tangier - The Carribean

Answer 17

A trading company which owned a huge area in North America and was granted a trading monopoly by Charles II. They mainly exported furs for clothes, timber, tar and rope for ships, as well as rice, tobacco, cotton and sugar. The HBC made huge profits for its main shareholders such as the King. The company also became a governemnt for their land, which was known as Rupert Land.

Answer 18

An English trading company which traded spices, tea, silk, cotton, dyes and fine goods in India and the East Indies. The company became extremely valuable and helped with England's overseas powers by helping them colonise.

Answer 19

A port in Morocco on the Mediterranean Sea. England tried to fortify and settle, but local Moroccan forces continued to attack it. It was abandoned in 1684 as it was too expensive and difficult to defend. It was a hub for silk, spices, cotton and wine trade.

Answer 20

A key commercial centre for the British, but the King had little money to protect it from Spanish attacks. Privateers such as Henry Morgan attacked Spanish ships in the area. Demand for sugar from the Carribean was high, so slaves were brought in from Africa in the triangular trade which was hugely profitable for the English economy.

Answer 21

- English tactics and strategy - Lack of resources and support - Poor command - Dutch tactics

Answer 22

Initially used by the English, ships lining up end to end, but facing horizontally to the opponent. The sides of the ships had all the artillery and were stronger than the front. The tactic worked in the Battle of Lowesoft, but the Dutch retreated and adopted the 'line ahead' formation.

Answer 23

The navy was initally led by James, but Charles felt it was too risky to have the heir to the throne at sea and replaced him with Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich, but he lacked tactical skills and urgency.

Answer 24

The Plague and the Great Fire had severely disrupted tax collections and customs duties. The merchants and banking system was also disrupted, resulting in the navy running out of money by the end of 1666.

Answer 25

They blockaded the River Thames, which was a vital trade route into London. They captured the Royal Charles (the flagship of the Royal Navy). This helped the Dutch to negotiate a peace agreement that was more in their favour, which was agreed in the Treaty of Breda.

Answer 26

The English and the French were allies, so were able to destroy Dutch ships with their superior firepower. However, the French fleet was relatively new and inexperienced.

Answer 27

James, who was skilled and experienced, had to resign from the Admiral position since he didn't admit to being Anglican in the Test Act. Prince Rupert took over the fleet, but he had a short temper and blamed failures on the French.

Answer 28

There was a lack of support from parliament, since they thought that Charles was under the influence of Louis XIV, who was Catholic.

Answer 29

The Dutch kept their strength in their ports, only coming out to raid English shipping. They also stayed in shallow waters and shoals on the Dutch coast, since their boats were much smaller than the English and French boats, and it worked effectively.

Answer 30

A group of 5 ministers who advised Charles II in the early 1670s. They were powerful but divided in religion and policies, leading to internal conflict. This showed Charles' reasoning for the benefits in a personal rule.

History: Restoration England Flashcards

(54 cards)