HIV Flashcards
(50 cards)
_ is responsible for the global pandemic
HIV-1
genotype M is the main one
Subtype B is dominant in the Americas and W Europe
_ is less pathogenic and restricted to W africa
HIV-2
HIV-1 originated from
SIV
How did the virus transfer to humans
bushmeat
HIV is a _
zoonosis
HIV was discovered in
1984
How is HIV transmitted
blood
semen
pre-seminal fluid
rectal fluids
vaginal fluids
breast milk
must come in contact with mucous membrane, damaged tissue, directly injected
HIV is an _virus
RNA retrovirus
envelope
+ RNA
HIV is not stable_
in the environment due to the envelope
Why is HIV a retrovirus
uses reverse transcriptase (high mutation rate) to convert RNA into DNA
key cells HIV infects
Th
HIV requires _ receptors
2
HIV is inseted into
host chromosome, leading to lifelong infection and making treatment difficult
Infection beings with
binding of glycoprotein spikes to primary receptor (CD4) and co-receptor (CCR5, CXCR4)
Reverse transcriptase is
error prone (pathogenicity)
Once viral DNA is formed, intergrase
integrated into the host DNA
CCR5 gene deletion
naturally occuring deletion
CCR5 receptor never reaches the cell surface
homozygotes do not get HIV
heterozygots are long-term non-progressors
HIV disease mechanism
depletion of CD4 T cells
Host response to HIV
fails to contain infection
rapid mutation rate, persistent infection of macrophages and CD4 T cells
patients with HIV
have an increased risk of fungal, bacteral, viral infections due to decreased CD4
viral load is the most important predictor of
how fast CD4 cells are depleated
HIV has a _ latency period
long clinical (no signs or symptoms)
Stages of HIV-1 infection
VIral transmission
primary infection
seroconversion
clinical latency period
early symptomatic HIV
AIDS
Advanced HIV (CD4 cell count <50)
Acute HIV is the third most common cause of
mononucleosis
