HIV Flashcards
(55 cards)
example of a secondary disorder in an HIV pt
cancer
the 2 tests for HIV
ELISA & western blot
how long does the ELISA test take
hours
how long does the western blot take
7-10 business days
the western blot is used for what
to confirm positive ELISA
want viral load to be ___ and CD4 to be ___
low, high
what does an increased viral load mean
lg amts of HIV in blood
a high viral load causes
an increase in infections, decrease in immunity
want CD4 above this level
500
CD4/CD8 ratio less than 1 indicates
surgence of disease
what lab test identifies risk for cardiac dysfunction
chemistries
CD4 count of <500/mm3 indicates what
immunodeficiency
CD4 count of <200/mm3 puts you at risk for what
opportunistic infections and cancers
CD4 count of <200 or presence of an opportunistic infection indicates what
AIDS diagnosis
PCP, MAC, TB, GI infections, candidiasis, and Karposi’s all examples of what
opportunistic infections
sxs of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
non productive cough, fever/chills, SOB, dyspnea, chest pain, minimal hypoxia
how is PCP treated
Bactrim
isolation for PCP
protect the pt with a mask, not the workers
sxs of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
respiratory or GI infection, high fever, night sweats, chest discomfort, cough, anorexia, wt loss
how is MAC treated
Biaxin (clarithromycin) or Zithromax (azithromycin)
what do the “mycins” cause
ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
sxs of TB
productive cough with blood tinged sputum, fever, fatigue, wt loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy, anergy, 50% have disseminated extrapulmonary sites
how is TB treated
IREP: Isoniazid + Rifampin + Ethambutol + Pyrazinamide
TB drugs must be taken for how long
36 months
