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Immunity > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

example of a secondary disorder in an HIV pt

A

cancer

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2
Q

the 2 tests for HIV

A

ELISA & western blot

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3
Q

how long does the ELISA test take

A

hours

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4
Q

how long does the western blot take

A

7-10 business days

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5
Q

the western blot is used for what

A

to confirm positive ELISA

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6
Q

want viral load to be ___ and CD4 to be ___

A

low, high

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7
Q

what does an increased viral load mean

A

lg amts of HIV in blood

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8
Q

a high viral load causes

A

an increase in infections, decrease in immunity

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9
Q

want CD4 above this level

A

500

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10
Q

CD4/CD8 ratio less than 1 indicates

A

surgence of disease

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11
Q

what lab test identifies risk for cardiac dysfunction

A

chemistries

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12
Q

CD4 count of <500/mm3 indicates what

A

immunodeficiency

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13
Q

CD4 count of <200/mm3 puts you at risk for what

A

opportunistic infections and cancers

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14
Q

CD4 count of <200 or presence of an opportunistic infection indicates what

A

AIDS diagnosis

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15
Q

PCP, MAC, TB, GI infections, candidiasis, and Karposi’s all examples of what

A

opportunistic infections

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16
Q

sxs of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

A

non productive cough, fever/chills, SOB, dyspnea, chest pain, minimal hypoxia

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17
Q

how is PCP treated

A

Bactrim

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18
Q

isolation for PCP

A

protect the pt with a mask, not the workers

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19
Q

sxs of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

A

respiratory or GI infection, high fever, night sweats, chest discomfort, cough, anorexia, wt loss

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20
Q

how is MAC treated

A

Biaxin (clarithromycin) or Zithromax (azithromycin)

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21
Q

what do the “mycins” cause

A

ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity

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22
Q

sxs of TB

A

productive cough with blood tinged sputum, fever, fatigue, wt loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy, anergy, 50% have disseminated extrapulmonary sites

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23
Q

how is TB treated

A

IREP: Isoniazid + Rifampin + Ethambutol + Pyrazinamide

24
Q

TB drugs must be taken for how long

A

36 months

25
Q

TB drugs cause

A

nephrotoxicity & hepatotoxicity

26
Q

sxs of GI infections

A

N/V/D, decreased appetite

27
Q

candidiasis can be in:

A

mouth, esophagus, vagina

28
Q

tx for oral thrush

A

Mycelex (clotrimazole) or Nystatin suspension

29
Q

tx for esophageal thrush

A

Nizoral (ketoconazole) or Diflucan (fluconazole)

30
Q

tx for vaginal thrush

A

Diflucan (fluconazole)

31
Q

Karposi’s sarcoma is AKA

A

human herpes virus 8

32
Q

tx for Karposi’s sarcoma

A

interferon

33
Q

interferon should not be given when

A

another infection is present, pt is taking antibiotics

34
Q

what causes wasting syndrome

A

large amt of V/D, secondary to opportunistic infection

35
Q

what does HAART stand for

A

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

36
Q

NRTIs

A

Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)

37
Q

what class of HAART meds interacts with bactrim & increases the risk of neutropenia

A

NRTIs

38
Q

side effects of NRTIs

A

GI intolerance, neuropathy, neutropenia, anemia, HA, difficulty swallowing, itching

39
Q

precautions when taking NRTIs

A

bone marrow suppression, renal & hepatic dysfunction

40
Q

NNRTIs

A

Efavirenz (Sustiva)

41
Q

NNRTIs interactions

A

alcohol increases CNS & liver effects, high fat meals increase absorption

42
Q

NNRTIs side effects

A

GI intolerance, liver failure, neuropathy, suicide, abnormal vision, CNS effects (slurred speech, blurred vision, etc)

43
Q

precautions when taking NNRTIs

A

hx of mental illness/drug abuse, LIVER FAILURE

44
Q

protease inhibitors

A

Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

45
Q

protease inhibitors interactions

A

may increase liver tests, cholesterol, and triglycerides–lead to rapid atherosclerosis

46
Q

protease inhibitors side effects

A

GI intolerance, hyperglycemia/DM

47
Q

precautions when taking protease inhibitors

A

hx of pancreatitis (already failing pancreas is not good because med can cause DM) or LIVER IMPAIRMENT

48
Q

fusion inhibitors

A

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

49
Q

fusion inhibitors side effects

A

local inj reaction, increased rate of bacterial infections, hypersensitivity reaction

50
Q

what is bactrim used for in HIV pts

A

tx of PCP, prevention of infections such as UTI/URI

51
Q

contraindications for bactrim

A

renal impairment, pregnant, nursing

52
Q

how much of body is burned in TENS

A

30%

53
Q

how much of body is burned in Steven Johnson’s

A

10-20%

54
Q

how much of body is burned in Red Man’s

A

10%

55
Q

how is Steven Johnson’s dx

A

skin biopsy

Immunity (4 decks)

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