HIV/AIDS

Question 1

HIV stands for

Answer 1

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 2

4 stages of HIV

Answer 2

1. Acute HIV infection
2. Clinical latency
3. Symptomatic infection
4. Progression to AIDS

Question 3

Stage 1 of HIV

Answer 3

Acute HIV infection
Happens within the first few weeks

Question 4

During stage 1 of HIV:

Answer 4

The virus replicates rapidly, then stabilizes
CD4 count drops and then returns close to normal

Question 5

CD4 count is:

Answer 5

A type of WBC

Question 6

What to monitor with HIV/AIDS (2)

Answer 6

Viral load
CD4 cell count: types of WBC

Question 7

Stage 2 of HIV:

Answer 7

Clinical latency
This period can last for years

Question 8

During stage 2 of HIV:

Answer 8

The virus continues to replicate slowly
Treatment affects the rate of replication
CD4 count drops

Question 9

T/F: The clinical latency (stage 2) phase of HIV can last for years.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Stage 3 of HIV:

Answer 10

Symptomatic infection

Question 11

During stage 3 of HIV:

Answer 11

The CD4 count falls below 500 cell/mm3
Patients present with physical symptoms

Question 12

Symptoms of stage 3 HIV:

Answer 12

Fever, diarrhea, weight loss, sweats/chills, white spots/lesions in oral cavity

Question 13

AIDS stands for:

Answer 13

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 14

Stage 4 of HIV:

Answer 14

AIDS

Question 15

During phase 4 of HIV:

Answer 15

CD4 count is below 200 cells/mm3
AIDS-defining condition

Question 16

When the white cell count drops below 200, the patient has entered stage __ of HIV, also known as _____.

Answer 16

4, AIDS

Question 17

What are some AIDS defining conditions?

Answer 17

Microbial/Viral/Parasitic infections
Bacterial infections
Cervical cancer
Immune system cancers
Herpes
Pneumonia
Encephalopathy
Other infectious diseases

Question 18

T/F: A mom can transfer the HIV virus to her child via breastmilk

Answer 18

True

Question 19

HIV is transmitted via:

Answer 19

Blood and body fluids
Breast milk/Amniotic fluid
Semen/Vaginal fluid

Question 20

PREP stands for:

Answer 20

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

Question 21

Patients can take ______ as a preventative from HIV:

Answer 21

PREP

Question 22

PEP stands for:

Answer 22

Post exposure prophylactic
Form of anti-viral medication taken right after exposure
Not 100% preventative

Question 23

Medication for HIV

Answer 23

PREP
PEP
Microbacides
Anti-body therapies

Question 24

Treatment after diagnosis: ART

Answer 24

Initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Lifelong treatment
- Nonadherence leads to drug resistance

Question 25

Why are there 6 different classes of ART?

Answer 25

Usually on a combination of 3-4 drugs from different classes because the virus can become resistant to the drug

Question 26

A ______ _______ transplant in immune system cancer patients have helped cure HIV patients before.

Answer 26

Bone marrow

Question 27

Adherence of at least ____% is important to prevent drug resistance.

Answer 27

95

Question 28

HIV medication side effects:

Answer 28

Anorexia N/V High TG - dyslipidemia Reflux Dry mouth Insulin resistance Hepatitis C

Question 29

__________ and insulin must be monitored in HIV patients.

Answer 29

Triglycerides

Question 30

Liver function must also be monitored if patients have a co-infection with __________.

Answer 30

Hepatitis C

Question 31

Nutrition assessment of HIV should be done when?

Answer 31

As soon as the patient is diagnosed Patients should have at least 1 MNT visit per year after initial assessment

Question 32

HALS stands for:

Answer 32

HIV associated lipodystrophy syndrome

Question 33

Symptoms of HALS:

Answer 33

Lipohypertrophy Lipoatrophy

Question 34

Lipohypertrophy

Answer 34

Fat accumulation in neck/abdomen/chest

Question 35

Lipoatrophy

Answer 35

Fat wasting in face/cheeks/buttocks

Question 36

How to measure HALS

Answer 36

Circumference measurements are more helpful than skinfolds

Question 37

HALS is associated with ________ and ___________ resistance which may be due to ART medication side effects.

Answer 37

Dyslipidemia, insulin

Question 38

T/F: Usually patients with HALS may have both fat wasting and fat accumulation

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Food safety for HIV/AIDS:

Answer 39

Avoid unpasteurized dairy products and juices Avoid raw or undercooked MFP and eggs

Question 40

Increase protein and energy needs for:

Answer 40

Patients with high risk for infection May increase 20-50 with opportunistic infection

Question 41

Normal energy and protein needs for:

Answer 41

Metabolic syndrome

Question 42

Patients with high triglycerides should consume ______ __ _____ _____.

Answer 42

Omega 3 fatty acids

Question 43

MNT to help diarrhea from ART side effects:

Answer 43

Probiotics/Prebiotics Soluble fiber L glutamine

Question 44

Multivitamins should include these vitamins to boost immunity, help adequate intake and help with malabsorption:

Answer 44

Vitamin D Selenium Vitamin 12 Vitamin E Iron Zinc Beta carotene Vitamin A - Supplements should not be above DRI