HIV - Exam 1

Question 1

HIV virus genome is stored in

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

HIV virus requires a ___ to replicate

Answer 2

host cell

Question 3

the primary HIV receptor is

Answer 3

CD4

Question 4

the 2 HIV coreceptors/cytokines are

Answer 4

CXCR4 and CCR5

Question 5

HIV virus can ONLY infect ____ and _____

Answer 5

CD4 + T lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 6

the 1st clinical cases of AIDS were reported at ___ in ____

Answer 6

UCLA in 1981

Question 7

the first cases of AIDS were in ____ men which all had ____

Answer 7

5 homosexual men which all had 3 opportunistic infections

Question 8

3 opportunistic infections present in 1st cases of AIDS

Answer 8

pneumocystis cariini PNA, CMV, and oral thrush

Question 9

3 routes of HIV transmission

Answer 9

1. blood (needle stick/sharing, transfusion)
2. mucosal (sexual contact w infected person)
3. vertical (mother to baby in utero, during delivery, and in breastmilk)

Question 10

7 stages of HIV life cycle (according to An’s slides)

Answer 10

1. attachment
2. penetration
3. uncoating
4. replication
5. gene expression
6. assembly
7. budding

Question 11

HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase…

Answer 11

converts single stranded HIV RNA to double stranded HIV DNA

Question 12

HIV enzyme integrase…

Answer 12

integrates HIV DNA into hosts DNA (occurs in nucleus) and it is made a “provirus”

Question 13

HIV enzyme protease…

Answer 13

cuts proteins into smaller chains which join with RNA to make new viruses

Question 14

in what two ways does HIV cause CD4 + T cell death

Answer 14

1. viral cytopathicity (virus kills cell directly)

2. immune system attacks infected cells

Question 15

as CD4 count DEC ____ INC

Answer 15

opportunistic infection

Question 16

____ is typically the cause of death in AIDS pts

Answer 16

opportunistic infection

Question 17

3 cancers common in HIV + individuals

Answer 17

1. kaposi sarcoma (Herpes 8)
2. non-hodgkins lymphoma (epstein barr virus)
3. cervical cancer (papilloma virus)

Question 18

____ is a major site for VIGOROUS HIV REPLICATION

Answer 18

GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue)

Question 19

GALT is highly susceptible with HIV inf because

Answer 19

the majority of cells are CD4+ T cells which express the CCR5 allele

Question 20

CD4+ T cells are “_____”

Answer 20

highly activated memory t cells

Question 21

HAART stands for

Answer 21

highly active anti retroviral therapy

Question 22

HAART is a..

Answer 22

3 drug combo therapy which targets different steps in the viral replication process

Question 23

HIV drugs like fusion/entry inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication

Answer 23

fusion

Question 24

HIV drugs like non-nucleoside/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication

Answer 24

reverse transcription

Question 25

HIV drugs like integrase inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication

Answer 25

integration

Question 26

HIV drugs like protease inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication

Answer 26

assembly

Question 27

positives of HAART drugs

Answer 27

makes HIV virus undetectable

Question 28

negative of HAART drugs

Answer 28

1. if you stop HIV virus is detectable in 2 weeks 2. expensive 3. side effects 4. life-long regime 5. lack of adherence leads to resistance 6. every day doses

Question 29

there is no cure for HIV due to ____/____

Answer 29

HIV reservoir/latency

Question 30

since current HIV treatments focus on replication steps the virus...

Answer 30

is not removed from cells

Question 31

HIV drugs only work in ___ cells

Answer 31

replicating

Question 32

the HIV virus can live in ____ indefinitely

Answer 32

genome of non-replicating cells

Question 33

the ____ pt is the only one to be cured of HIV

Answer 33

berlin

Question 34

_____ is Dr. An's research for a new approach to a cure for HIV

Answer 34

hematopoetic stem cell based gene therapy

Question 35

in hematopoetic stem cell therapy you..

Answer 35

take the pts bone marrow stem cells and perform gene therapy to remove the CCR5 allele, then transplant the pts own stem cells back into them