HIV & SAIs Flashcards
(35 cards)
What cells in a human body does HIV attack? What does this cause?
- Immune cells (T lymphocytes)
- Immunosuppression
Which tests are used for the diagnosis of HIV?
- ELISA (antibody test)
- PCR (tests RNA of HIVE or HIV DNA in WBCs)
How long is the post-infection period that a diagnosis may be negative for?
6-12 weeks
What diseases are associated with HIV when CD4 cell count is reduced?
- Bacterial skin infections, HSV, VZV, fungal infections
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Hairy leukoplakia, TB
- Lymphoma
What viral co-factor is involved with Kaposi’s sarcoma?
HHV8
What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?
- Systemic vascular tumour with cutaneous presentation
- With/ without internal involvement
- Caused by co-virus HHV8 commonly seen in immunosuppressed pts (e.g. HIV/AIDS)
- Lesions clinically seen as red, purple, brown or black and papular (raised/ palpable)
What therapy is involved in the treatment of HIV?
HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)
What are the oral manifestation lesion groupings?
- Group 1 = STRONGLY associated with HIV infection
- Group 2 = LESS COMMONLY associated with HIV infection
- Group 3 = SEEN in HIV infection
What are the group 1 oral lesions seen in those infected with HIV?
- Candidosis
- -> Erythematous = angular cheilitis, denture stomatitis, median rhomboid glossitis - EARLY
- -> Pseudomembranous - LATE
- Hairy leukoplakia
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- NHL
- Perio diseases = linear gingival erythema, NUG (young otherwise health mouths), NUP
What is the clinical appearance of oral hairy leukoplakia?
- White, non-removable, corrugated lesion on the lateral surface of tongue
What is the histological appearance of oral hair leukoplakia?
- Hyperkeratosis
- Epitehlial hyperplasia (koilocyte-like cells)
- EBV
- No infiltrate cells (clear evidence of immunosuppression)
What are the group 2 oral lesions seen in those infected with HIV?
- Ulceration (not otherwise specified); usually apthous (from trauma)
- Wide range viral infections (HSV, HPV, VZV)
What are the clinical features of a HSV I/II infection?
- Pyrexia, sore mouth and throat, lymphadenopathy
- Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (widespread vesicles –> painful ulcers)
- Recurrent herpes labialis
- 2 primary infections may occur (secondary infection not protected by first)
What is the treatment for HSV I/II infections?
- Self-limiting –> bed rest, paracetamol, fluids
- Aciclovir; will only help things settle quicker but only effective BEFORE vesicular stage
What are the group 3 oral lesions seen in those infected with HIV?
- Wide range of rare bacterial/ fungal infections
- Unusual things including facial palsy and trigeminal neuralgia
What are the causes for UPPER motor neurone facial palsies?
- Stroke
- Cerebral tumour
- Trauma
What are the causes for LOWER motor neurone facial palsies?
- Middle ear infections (mastoiditis, esp chronic/ recurrent)
- MS
- HIV
- Lyme’s disease (tick bites)
- Parotid tumour
- Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome (shingles complication)
- Idiopathic (Bell’s palsy)
Which half of the face (upper/lower) is affected by a LMN lesion?
BOTH
What is the treatment for a facial palsy?
- Prednisolone 50-80mg (orally) every morning for 10 days (NOT antiviral but steroid to reduce compression of nerve)
- Protect cornea of eye with eye patch
What bacteria causes gonorrhoea?
N. gonorrhoea
How does gonorrhoea affect men?
Infection of urethra
How does gonorrhoea affect women?
- Infection of cervix
- Pelvic inflammation –> infertility
What are the oral manifestation of gonorrhoea?
- Dry/ burning of mouth
- Diffuse mucosal erythema
- Lymphadenopathy
How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
- Swab culture and sensitivity
