HL Further Anatomy - The Brain (7.2)

Question 1

structures of brain

Answer 1

• cerebrum (top of brain)
• cerebellum –> balance & coordination

Question 2

left hemisphere roles: (6)

Answer 2

• sensory stimulus from right side of body
• motor control of right side of body
• speech, language, comprehension
• analysis and calculations
• time and sequencing
• recognition of letters, words, #

Question 3

right hemisphere roles: (6)

Answer 3

• sensory stimulus from left side of body
• motor control of left side of body
• creativity
• spatial ability
• context/perception
• recognition of faces, places, objects

Question 4

cerebrum lobes (4):

Answer 4

1. frontal lobe (anterior)
   * motor control
   * problem solving
   * speech production
2. temporal lobe (inferior)
   * auditory processing
   * lang comprehension
   * memory/info retrival
3. parietal lobe (superior)
   * touch perception
   * body orientation and sensory discrimination
4. occipital lobe (posterior)
   * sight
   * visual reception
   * visual interpretation

Question 5

blood supply to brain+ vertebral arteries functions

Answer 5

• blood comes from the heart to the brain
• vertebral arteries: carry blood to the right or left side of brain
  right side of brain goes through the branchiocephalic trunk (1st exit)
  left side is 3rd exit

Question 6

carotid arteries

Answer 6

splits into:
internal carotid arteries: carries blood to inside/middle of brain
external carotid arteries: carry blood to outside of brain

Question 7

blood brain barrier (5)

Answer 7

• a selective barrier that separates circulating blood from cerebrospinal fluid of the brain
• purpose= protect brain from most pathogenic infections
• function= prevent movement of large molecules from blood to brain (bacteria)
• formed by brain endothelial cells which are very closely connected
• Smaller molecules (such as O2, CO2 and hormones) can still freely cross the blood-brain barrier

Question 8

energy supply to brain (5)

Answer 8

• brain runs on glucose (sugar)
• brain obtains energy using glucose & oxygen, which passes rapidly from the blood to the brain cells
• glucose &oxygen make ATP inside the brain by process of aerobic respiration
• carbohydrate (glucose) storage in the brain is limited, so the supply of glucose must be continuous
• If blood entering the brain has low glucose or oxygen levels, mental confusion, dizziness, convulsions, and loss of consciousness may occur