HL Topic 14 Interwar Years : CS 1 - Weimar Republic and Germany (1918-1939)

Question 1

Emergence of Hitler and failure of Weimar

Answer 1

Weimar Germany (Issues)
Initial Chalenges (1918-1923)
Golden Era/Stresseman (1924-1929)
Crises Years and Rise of Hitler (1929-1933)

Question 2

Weimar Germany Issues (1918-1933)

Answer 2

Constitutional:
Weak Foundation
Proportional Representation

Political:
Polarization
Lack of Democratic Tradition

Economic/Financial:
Reparations and Hyperinflation
The Great Depression

War Impact and Discontent:
Versailles
Cultural Backlash

Question 3

Initial Challenges (1918-1923)

Answer 3

Spartachist Uprising - 1919
Kapp Putsch 1920
Hyper Inflation and Reparations -1921
Political Assasinations and Violence 1921-1923
Invasion of the Ruhr - 1923
Beer Hall / Munich Putsch -1923

Question 4

Stresseman Years (1924-1929)

Answer 4

Introduction of the Retenmark
Dawes Plan 1924
Cultural Renaissance and Improvement in Social Welfare
Locarno Treaties 1925
Young Plan 1929
Dependency on Foreign Loans

Question 5

Emergence of Hitler and Crisis Years (1929 to 1933)

Answer 5

Wallstreet Crash and Great Depression 1929
Role of Hindenburg - appointment of chancellors
Electoral Gains
Propaganda and SA intimidation
Fear of Communism
Appeal to all social classes

Question 6

Consolidation of Hitler’s Power (1933-1934)

Answer 6

Legal Methods
Use of Force
Propaganda

Question 7

Legal Methods

Answer 7

The Reichstag Fire
March 1933 Elections
Enabling Act
Death of Hindenburg

Question 8

Use of Force

Answer 8

Night of the Long Knives
Paramilitaries SS and SA
Persecution of Minorities

Question 9

Propaganda and Charisma

Answer 9

Goebbels propaganda
Radio, press, literature, cinema, art and music

Question 10

Maintenance of Hitler’s power and policies (1934-1939)

Answer 10

Hitler’s pre war domestic policies
Nature of the Nazi State
Extent of resistance

Question 11

Hitler’s pre war domestic policies

Answer 11

Economic:
Dealing with the depression
The 4 Year plan
Incerase in production and emoloyment
Failed to achieve autarky and reach rearmament goals

Political:
Terror and the Police State
Propaganda, Censorship and Messianic Hitler
Nazi Attitudes towards the elites

Social:
Nazism and Class
Policies towards young people
Kinder, Kurche, Kirche
Policies against outsiders and minorities
Policies Towards the Church

Question 12

Nature of the Nazi State

Answer 12

Intentionalism vs Structuralism

Question 13

Extent of resistance

Answer 13

Suppressed by propaganda, success of policies and repression
After initial supression of Socialists and Communists in 33-34 resistance was very lowkey and underground in general
Swing Movement
The Church

Question 14

Opposition 1933-1939

Answer 14

Legal/Policies:
Young People - Indoctrination on Nazi Ideals. Educational programs and Youth Organizations.
Outsiders - Jews. Removed jews from government, professions, media, and removed civil rights.
Churches - Reich church and Pagan German Faith Movement:
Replace Catholic and Protestant Churches. Suppressed and accepted Nazi leadership.

Force - Terror and the police state, SS, SA, Gestapo, Night of the Long Knives, NIght of Broken Glass

Propaganda- Goebbels, Minister of propaganda, Nazi ideals spread through all forms of media, education and entertainment in society.